INTRODUCTION The Russian Revolution of October 1917 resulted in a transfer of power from the autocratic Tsar Nicholas II to the Bolshevik Party and the subsequent establishment of the world's first socialist state. The victorious revolutionaries inherited from the Tsarist regime a politically, culturally, and linguistically complex situation, with over 100 million citizens speaking no less than...

OBJECTIVES The sympathetic skin response (SSR) is a technique to assess the sympathetic cholinergic pathways, and it can be used to study the central sympathetic pathways in spinal cord injury (SCI). This study investigated the capacity of the isolated spinal cord to generate an SSR, and determined the relation between SSR, levels of spinal cord lesion, and supraspinal connections. METHODS Pa...

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) play important roles in gene regulation and genome evolution. Although there exist several online resources for SSR mining, most of them only extract general SSR patterns without providing functional information. Here, an online search tool, CG-SSR (Comparative Genomics SSR discovery), has been developed for discovering potential functional SSRs from vertebrate ge...

SSR (simple sequence repeats) are ubiquitously abundant in genomes. In organellar mitochondrial genome of animals, its distribution, size dynamics and effectiveness for phylogenetic relationship have not been understood. Present investigation reveals organisation of SSR in genic and intergenic region, its length and repeat motif dynamics, extent of conservation of flanking regions, appropriaten...

[(3)H]SSR-149415 is the first tritiated nonpeptide vasopressin V(1b) receptor (V(1b)R) antagonist ligand. It was used for studying rodent (mouse, rat, hamster) and human V(1b)R from native or recombinant origin. Moreover, a close comparison between the human and the mouse V(1b)R was performed using SSR-149415/[(3)H]SSR-149415 in binding and functional studies in vitro. [(3)H]SSR-149415 binding ...

Identification of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), can be a time-consuming and costly investment requiring enrichment, cloning, and sequencing of candidate loci. Recently, however, high throughput sequencing (with or without prior enrichment for specific SSR loci) has been utilized to identify SSR loci. The direct "Seq-to-SSR" approach has an advantage over enrichment-based s...

BACKGROUND The moth orchid (Phalaenopsis species) is an ornamental crop that is highly commercialized worldwide. Over 30,000 cultivars of moth orchids have been registered at the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). These cultivars were obtained by artificial pollination of interspecific hybridization. Therefore, the identification of different cultivars is highly important in the worldwide marke...

Monkeys can gradually change the amplitude of the biceps spinal stretch reflex (SSR) without change in initial muscle length or biceps background electromyographic activity (EMG) (17). We investigated the concurrent behavior of synergist (brachialis and brachioradialis) and antagonist (triceps) muscles. Synergist background EMG remained stable while marked change occurred in biceps SSR amplitud...