Gliotoxin (GT) is a mycotoxin produced by some species of ascomycete fungi including the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. In order to produce GT the host organism needs to have evolved a self-protection mechanism. GT contains a redox-cycling disulfide bridge that is important in mediating toxicity. Recently is has been demonstrated that A. fumigatus possesses a novel thiometh...

The effect of sodium butyrate on the expression of the facilitated glucose transporter (GT) was investigated in the pig kidney cell line LLC-PK1. When cells were treated with butyrate, GT mRNA expression was remarkably enhanced with a maximal effect at 5 mM. Levels of GT mRNA were increased at 1 day after butyrate treatment and continued to increase for at least 4 days; however, acetate and pro...

BACKGROUND Mice lacking glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein (Glmp (gt/gt) mice) have liver fibrosis as the predominant phenotype due to chronic liver injury. The Glmp (gt/gt) mice grow and reproduce at the same rate as their wild-type siblings. Life expectancy is around 18 months. METHODS Wild-type and Glmp (gt/gt) mice were studied between 1 week and 18 months of age. Livers were analyze...

Objective(s):Green tea (GT) is one of the most popular beverages worldwide whose beneficial effects on health have been demonstrated. Recent studies suggest that GT may contribute to reduction of cancer risk and progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of whole GT on urinary bladder chemical carcinogenesis in male and female ICR mice. Materials and Methods: The GT charact...

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare aspiration pneumonia (AP)-associated microflora, calculus, and oral hygiene/care seeking behaviors in special health care needs children (SC) with gastrostomy (GT) and without. METHODS Twenty-seven GT SC, ages 3 to 12 years old and matched for age and gender with 27 non-GT SC, were examined by 2 trained investigators who recorded calculus and...

Gamma tocopherol (gT) exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects partly due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Important sources of gT are vegetable oils. However, little is known to what extent gT can be transferred into marine animal species such as Atlantic salmon by feeding. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the transfer of dietary gT into salmon. To this end, fish were fed a di...

For symmetric pairings e : G × G → GT , Verheul proved that the existence of an efficiently-computable isomorphism φ : GT → G implies that the Diffie-Hellman problems in G and GT can be efficiently solved. In this paper, we explore the implications of the existence of efficiently-computable isomorphisms φ1 : GT → G1 and φ2 : GT → G2 for asymmetric pairings e : G1 ×G2 → GT . We also give a simpl...

Poly(Glu50Tyr50) (GT) is not immunogenic in most inbred mouse strains. GT injection produces an I-J--bearing, GT-specific T-cell--derived suppressor factor (GT-TsF1) in H-2b,d,k haplotype mice. GT-TsF1 generates second-order suppressor T cells (Ts2) in H-2a,d,k haplotype mice. Here, we show that in order for GT-TsF1 to act, the recipient strain must express I-E molecules. This suggests that T c...

In the present studies we have confirmed that the random copolymer of L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT) fails to induce an antibody response in a large number of inbred strains of mice. Nevertheless, GT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA) elicits a GT-specific IgG PFC response in vivo. Furthermore, injection of BALB/c mice with 10 to 100 mug of GT specifically decreases their ...