We develop a multiphasic hydrodynamic theory for biofilms taking into account interactions among various bacterial phenotypes, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), quorum sensing (QS) molecules, solvent, and antibiotics. In the model, bacteria are classified into down-regulated QS, up-regulated QS, and non-QS cells based on their QS ability. The model is first benchmarked against an experim...

0. Introduction Phonological representations include sequences of featural specifications, pq. Two properties can be observed about such sequences: (i) for a sequence pq to be of significance for the phonology of a language, p must be perceptibly different than q; (ii) to produce a sequence pq, the articulators must start in the configuration for p and then change into the configuration for q. ...

In this note the notion of interval-valued fuzzy QS-algebra (briefly, i-v fuzzy QS-algebra), as well as the i-v level and strong i-v level QS-subalgebra is introduced. Several theorems which determine the relationship between these notions and QS-subalgebras are stated and proved. The images and inverse images of i-v fuzzy QS-subalgebras are defined, and how the homomorphic images and inverse i...

Objective(s) The immunoadjuvant potential of cross-linked dextran microspheres (CDM) as absorption enhancer and Quillaja saponins (QS) as immunomodulator adjuvant was evaluated. Materials and Methods CDM loaded or tetanus-mixed toxoid (TT) or Quillaja saponin (QS) were nasally administered to rabbits in dry powder form, three times in 2 weeks interval and serum IgG and nasal lavage sIgA tite...

We consider here the so called s-Carleson measures with additive logarithmic terms in the unit disc, when 0 < s < 1 and we give many equivalent definitions. As applications, we characterize the pointwise multipliers on Qs and on its logarithmic counterpart Qs,log. Boundedness of the Cesaro operator on Qs and from Qs,log to Qs is considered as well.

Bacteria coordinate their behavior using quorum sensing (QS), whereby cells secrete diffusible signals that generate phenotypic responses associated with group living. The canonical model of QS is one of extracellular signaling, where signal molecules bind to cognate receptors and cause a coordinated response across many cells. Here we study the link between QS input (signaling) and QS output (...

Bacterial communication via quorum sensing (QS) has been reported to be important in the production of virulence factors, antibiotic sensitivity, and biofilm development. Two QS systems, known as the las and rhl systems, have been identified previously in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. High-density oligonucleotide microarrays for the P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome were used to in...

Leishmania antigens are weak immunogens and need to be potentiated by various adjuvants and delivery systems. Alginate microspheres as an antigen delivery system and Quillaja saponins (QS) as an immunoadjuvant have been used to enhance the immune response against Autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM). Microspheres were prepared by an emulsification technique and characterized for size, encapsulatio...