Previous work has shown that the N400 ERP component is elicited by all words, whether presented in isolation or in structured contexts, and that its amplitude is modulated by semantic association and contextual predictability. Although these data suggest that the N400 reflects core semantic computations involved in processing any meaningful stimulus, the broader literature continues to maintain...

We review the discovery, characterization, and evolving use of the N400, an event-related brain potential response linked to meaning processing. We describe the elicitation of N400s by an impressive range of stimulus types--including written, spoken, and signed words or pseudowords; drawings, photos, and videos of faces, objects, and actions; sounds; and mathematical symbols--and outline the se...

East Asians/Asian Americans show a greater N400 effect due to semantic incongruity between foreground objects and background contexts than European Americans (Goto, Ando, Huang, Yee, & Lewis, 2010). Using analytic attention instructions, we asked Japanese and European Canadians to judge, and later, remember, target animals that were paired with task-irrelevant original (congruent), or novel (in...

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Wolfberry production has become a major agro-industry on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, causing increased nitrogen (N) pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Appropriate N fertilizer rate nitrification inhibitors may mitigate GHG emissions improve use efficiency. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to measure effects of application nitrapyrin emissions, reduce pollution. We used eight ...

The current research examined the viability of the N400, an event-related potential (ERP) related to the detection of semantic incongruity, as an index of both stereotype accessibility and interracial prejudice. Participants' EEG was recorded while they completed a sequential priming task, in which negative or positive, stereotypically black (African American) or white (Caucasian American) trai...

To examine whether schizotypal personality is associated with the degree to which concepts activate each other in semantic memory, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a delayed lexical decision task from healthy volunteers rated for schizotypy. Each target word was directly, indirectly, or not at all related to a prime word preceding it at a 300- or 750-ms stimulus-onset ...

INTRODUCTION Semantic memory and language deficits are associated with schizophrenia. Understanding how these systems operate in this disorder will likely require a multi-factorial model that explains their linkages with cognition and modulation by dopamine. A biological factor that may provide causal convergence for these connections is cell membrane composition and dynamics. METHODS N400 is...

Twenty-eight native-English speakers enrolled in beginning and intermediate university Spanish courses participated in a mixed language semantic categorization task in which critical words were presented in English (L1) and Spanish (L2) and repetitions of these words (within- and between-languages) were presented on subsequent trials (i.e., immediate repetition). Event-related potentials were r...

Functional neuroimaging assessments of residual cognitive capacities, including those that support language, can improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in patients with disorders of consciousness. Due to the portability and relative inexpensiveness of electroencephalography, the N400 event-related potential component has been proposed as a clinically valid means to identify preserved lingui...