[S1,Q15=MAC15(S1), P13=MAC13(S1,Q15)] [S2,Q25=MAC25(S2),P23=MAC23(S2,Q25)] [S4,Q46=MAC46(S4),P45=MAC45(S4,Q46)] Q36=MAC36(S1|S2|S3) P35=MAC35(S3, S1|S2, Q15, Q25, Q36) [S3, (S1|S2), Q15, Q25, Q36, P35] Q5B= MAC5B(S1|S2|S3|S4|S5) P56=MAC56(S5, (S1|S2|S3|S4),Q36,Q46,Q5B) [S5, (S1|S2|S3|S4),Q36, Q46, Q5B, P56] P6B=MAC6B(S6, ((S1|S2|S3|S4 |S5)| S7|S8),Q5B,Q7B,Q8B) [S6, ((S1|S2|S3|S4 |S5)| S7|S8),Q5...

Background and objectives: Human adenoviruses cause a wide range of diseases, from self-limiting and mild infections to some life-threatening infections. Many studies have shown that components derived from medicinal plants have antiviral activity. </spa...

In voltage-gated ion channels, the S4 transmembrane segment responds to changes in membrane potential and controls channel opening. The local environment of S4 is still unknown, even regarding the basic question as to whether S4 is close to the pore domain. Relying on the ability of functional KAT1 channels to rescue potassium (K+) transport-deficient yeast, we have performed an unbiased mutage...

i dxi φf/hi(xi, μF )] σ̂(s, t, u, μF , μR) , where σ̂ is the perturbatively calculable hardscattering cross section, and the parton distributions φ are determined from experiment. The renormalization and factorization scales are denoted by μR and μF respectively, and s, t, u are standard kinematical invariants formed from the momenta of the partons in the hard scattering. Near threshold for the p...

 Background and objectives: Anxiety is a chronic and common disorder worldwide and impairs the quality of life of affected people. Herbal medicines have long been used to treat CNS related disorders. S...

Cell migration is a dynamic process involving formation of a leading edge in the direction of migration and adhesion points from which tension is generated to move the cell body forward. At the same time, disassembly of adhesion points occurs at the back of the cell, a region known as the trailing edge. Syndecan-4 (S4) is a transmembrane proteoglycan thought to be involved in the formation of f...

Charged residues in the S4 transmembrane segment of voltage-gated cation channels play a key role in opening channels in response to changes in voltage across the cell membrane. However, the molecular mechanism of channel activation is not well understood. To learn more about the role of the S4 in channel gating, we constructed chimeras in which S4 segments from several divergent potassium chan...

The X-ray crystallographic structure of KvAP, a voltage-gated bacterial K channel, was recently published. However, the position and the molecular movement of the voltage sensor, S4, are still controversial. For example, in the crystallographic structure, S4 is located far away (>30 A) from the pore domain, whereas electrostatic experiments have suggested that S4 is located close (<8 A) to the ...

Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic conditions. The available anti-acne treatments are not satisfactory and safe. In...