Second or foreign language (L2) learners’ development of interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) competence to understand and properly interpret utterances under certain social and cultural circumstances plays a pivotal role in the achievement of communicative competence. The current study was designed to explore the effects of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) and asynchronous com...

The aim of our paper is to obtain efficient solutions the interval multi-objective linear programming (IMOLP) models. In this paper, we propose a new method determine in IMOLP models by using expected value and variance operators (EVV operators). First, define concepts value, variance, uncertainty distributions, present some properties EVV operators. Then, introduce model under these An consist...

ALF (application level framing) and ILP (integrated layer processing) are protocol design and implementation concepts applied in high-performance communication architectures, e.g. to support multimedia applications. Writing ILP code is rather complex and, therefore, ILP code generation tools can reduce the time to develop efficient ILP protocol code significantly. This paper presents a tool, wh...

Insulin-loaded polymer (ILP) microparticles composed of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol), which have pH-dependent complexation and mucoadhesive properties have been thought to be potential carriers for insulin via an oral route. Nevertheless, further optimization of the polymer delivery system is required to improve clinical application. Therefore, the effect of particle size of...

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) share high sequence homology, but their folding behaviors are significantly different: insulin folds into one unique thermodynamically controlled structure, while IGF-1 folds into two thermodynamically controlled disulfide isomers. However, the origin of their different folding behaviors is still elusive. The amphioxus insulin-like peptide (ILP) ...

Integer Linear Programming (ILP) can be seen as the archetypical problem for NP-complete optimization problems, and a wide range of problems in artificial intelligence are solved in practice via a translation to ILP. Despite its huge range of applications, only few tractable fragments of ILP are known, probably the most prominent of which is based on the notion of total unimodularity. Using ent...