This paper gives a detailed review of the work done by Hořava and Witten , who proposed that the strongly coupled limit of the E8 ×E8 heterotic string on R10 is the same as the low energy limit of M theory on R10 × S/Z2. This equivalence is then used to derive Heterotic-Type I duality from an eleven dimensional perspective. Lastly, applications of Hořava-Witten theory to phenomenology and cosmo...

The antigenic structure of gonococcal pilin, strain MS11 (Tr), was investigated by assaying the binding of antisera engendered by intact pili from strains MS11 and R10 and their two major cyanogen bromide-generated fragments, CNBr-2 (residues 9-92) and CNBr-2 (residues 93-159), to synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino acid sequence of MS11 pilin. Four peptides were synthesized correspon...

In octopine-type A. tumefaciens R10, transfer of chromosomal arginine degradation genes (arc genes) was observed under conditions in which Ti plasmid transfer took place. However, transconjugants that had acquired the arc genes but not the Ti plasmid were recovered. During this process, several other chromosomal genes, such as genes encoding phage resistances or genes complementing a galactose ...

BACKGROUND The immobilization-induced tibialis anterior (TA) muscle atrophy worsens after cast removal and is associated with altered extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. The secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) is an ECM component involved in Akt activation and in β-catenin stabilization, which controls protein turnover and induces muscle regulatory factors (MRFs), respectiv...

A coarse-grained model-based molecular dynamics simulation was employed to investigate the mechanical properties of NR-graft-rigid-polymer/rigid-polymer systems (N30-g-(R3)6/R10). An external factor (the strain rate) as well as internal factors such as the nonbonding interaction strength, the proportion of rigid polymers, and architecture parameters (the length and number of graft chains in a m...

A collaborative study was conducted to compare a new enrichment procedure for the TECRA Salmonella Visual Immunoassay (TSVIA) with the reference method given in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (7th Ed.). Three food types (milk powder, pepper, and soy flour) were analyzed in Australia and 3 food types (milk chocolate, dried egg, and raw turkey) were anal...

In population studies, the provocative dose (PD) of bronchoconstrictor causing a significant decrement in lung function cannot be calculated for most subjects. Dose-response curves for carbachol were examined to determine whether this relationship can be summarized by means of a continuous index likely to be calculable for all subjects, namely the two-point dose response slope (DRS) of mean res...

BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease may not achieve adequate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering on statin monotherapy, attributed partly to atherogenic dyslipidemia. More intensive LDL-C-lowering therapy can be considered for these patients. A previous randomized, controlled study demonstrated greater LDL-C lowering in diabetic patients with s...