BACKGROUND Lymphedema is a common complication of axillary dissection for breast cancer. We investigated whether manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) could prevent or manage limb edema in women after breast-cancer surgery. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of MLD in the prevention and treatment ...

This study presents the analysis of a constellation partition (CP) algorithm for multiple-input multiple-output– maximum-likelihood detection (MIMO–MLD) systems. The authors consider an Nt by Nr MIMO system, where MLD algorithm is employed at the receiver side for MIMO signal detection. The authors show that for the case of orthogonal space-time block codes and MIMO beamforming (MIMO-BF) system...

A masking level difference (MLD) paradigm was used to investigate the presence of an electrophysiologic correlate of the psychoacoustic MLD in the middle and late auditory evoked potentials. In experiment 1, middle latency potentials were recorded in six normal-hearing young adults using vertex and temporal electrode montages. Tone bursts of 500 Hz presented in SoNo and Spi No conditions produc...

One-dimensional quasilattices, namely, the geometrical objects that represent quasicrystals, are classified into mutual local-derivability (MLD) classes. Besides the familiar class, there exist an infinite number of new MLD classes, and different MLD classes are distinguished by the inflation rules of their representatives. It has been found that electronic properties of a new MLD class are cha...

Plants form root symbioses with fungi and bacteria to improve their nutrient supply. SYMBIOSIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SYMRK) is required for phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhiza, as well as for the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis of legumes and actinorhizal plants, but its precise function was completely unclear. Here we show that the extracytoplasmic region of SYMRK, which comprises ...

Multi-user multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system has been attracting much attention due to its high spectrum efficiency. Nonlinear MIMO signal detection methods with less computational complexity have been widely studied for single-user MIMO systems. In this paper, we investigate how a lattice reduction (LR)-aided detection and a maximum likelihood detection (MLD) employing the QR decompositio...

This study evaluated the effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) in the prevention of secondary lymphedema after treatment of breast cancer. The study consisted of 67 women, who underwent breast surgery for primary breast cancer. From the second day of surgery, 33 randomly chosen women were given MLD. The control group consisted of 34 women who did not receive MLD. Measurements of the ...

In space division multiplexing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SDM–OFDM) systems, since co-channel interference (CCI) degrades the demodulation performance, CCI suppression is essential. For CCI suppression, the turbo detector using the soft-input softoutput maximum likelihood detector (SISO–MLD) is proposed. Although SISO–MLD can deal with soft information, SISO–MLD updates on...