Ubiquitin ligases are critical components of the ubiquitination process that determine substrate specificity and, in collaboration with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, regulate the nature of polyubiquitin chains assembled on their substrates. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (c-IAP1 and c-IAP2) proteins are recruited to TNFR1-associated signalling complexes where they regulate receptor-stimula...

Drought stress is one of the major yield affecting factor for pepper plant. The effects of PGPRs were analyzed in relation with drought resistance. The PGPRs inoculated pepper plants tolerate the drought stress and survived as compared to non-inoculated pepper plants that died after 15 days of drought stress. Variations in protein and RNA accumulation patterns of inoculated and non-inoculated p...

Understanding protein higher order structure and interfacial interactions is crucial to understanding protein binding motifs and cellular function, that is, an interactome. Polyubiquitylation is a post-translational modification that functions as a tag for a diverse array of cellular processes, wherein differences in chain length, branching, and linkage site encode different cellular functions....

The neutral protease has high potential for industrial applications, and attempts to improve enzyme expression level have important application values. In the present study, a neutral protease-encoding gene, Banpr, was cloned from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain K11, and a genetic manipulation method specific for this difficult-to-transform strain was developed for the high-level expression o...

Thank you again for submitting your manuscript for consideration by The EMBO Journal. It has now been seen by three expert reviewers, whose comments are copied below. As you will see, they all consider your results as a first implication of K11-linked ubiquitin chains in TNF signaling interesting and potentially important and thus in principle suited for publication in The EMBO Journal. Neverth...

We report on two anomalous trends in the temperature dependences of the splay (K11) and bend (K33) elastic constants in the nematic (N) phase of mixtures of compounds with rodlike (R) and bent-core (BC) molecules: As the sample is cooled from the isotropic to N transition point, (i) K33 increases, attains a maximum value and then decreases, and (ii) close to the N to smectic A (SmA) transition ...

In this study, optimal diffusion coefficients for Lake Zirahuén, Mexico, were found under particular conditions based on images taken with a drone of dye release experiment. First, the patch concentration was discretized using image processing tools, and it then approximated by an ellipse, finding major minor axes. The inverse problem implemented comparing these observational data obtained nume...

Modification of proteins with ubiquitin chains is an essential regulatory event in cell cycle control. Differences in the connectivity of ubiquitin chains are believed to result in distinct functional consequences for the modified proteins. Among eight possible homogenous chain types, canonical Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains have long been recognized to drive the proteasomal degradation of cell ...

The Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates mitosis and G1 by sequentially targeting cell-cycle regulators for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The mechanism of ubiquitin chain formation by APC and the resultant chain topology remains controversial. By using a single-lysine APC substrate to dissect the topology of ubiquitinated substrates, we find th...