BACKGROUND A goal for the food industry has always been to improve strains of Lactococcus lactis and stabilize beneficial traits. Genetic engineering is used extensively for manipulating this lactic acid bacterium, while electropolation is the most widely used technique for introducing foreign DNA into cells. The efficiency of electrotransformation depends on the level of electropermealization ...

I liac vein stenting is an extension of arterial stent technology. The two share some technical similarities and much of the hardware; however, the indications for and purpose of iliac vein stenting are fundamentally different from arterial practice. Pathophysiologic differences require specific modifications of techniques as well. The clinical outcome of iliac vein stenting has been surprising...

Yeast Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis is probably the most common contaminant in wineries and ethanol production processes. The considerable economic losses caused by this yeast, but also its ability to produce and tolerate high ethanol concentrations, make it an attractive subject for research with potential for industrial applications. Unfortunately, efforts to understand the biology of D....

Candida parapsilosis is a human pathogenic fungus with increasing importance, particularly in nosocomial infections. For detailed molecular genetic explorations of prototrophic clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis, we developed an efficient transformation system based on a dominant selectable marker. The gene encoding resistance to mycophenolic acid (MPA) was used for selection in yeast transfo...

Genetic transformation was first described by Griffith in 1928 and has since been demonstrated in a variety of organisms, including many species of fungi. This review focuses on the history and technology of the transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The application of protocols developed for S. cerevisiae to other important yeast species is discussed. The protocols for transformation by s...