Fisheries scientists face a challenge in that virtually all methods of fish capture or observation are selective. Further, most fish capture methods can be applied to only a fraction of the entire area of interest. Thus, measures such as catch per unit effort (C/f) or catch per area can only be regarded, at best, as being proportional to the true population abundance (see Chapter 7). The method...

Bottom trawling is the most extensive fishing activity affecting continental shelf in Mediterranean waters. This gear has caused negative effects on communities and topography of seafloor. Temporal or spatial closures have been proposed as strategies to reduce disturbances by overfishing for biodiversity recovery restoration ecosystems. The present study used various indicators analyze compare ...

The attributes of roadside vegetation, an important bird habitat in grassland ecosystems, have been shown to affect bird abundance, distribution composition, and diversity, yet there are relatively few works on reproductive success of birds nesting along roadsides. Because roadsides are linear habitats, management at the landscape scale can affect nest success in roadsides through bottom-up and...

changes in abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria have been studied in the southern part of the caspian sea (the stretch between tonekabon and amirabad) in four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in which samples were taken from five depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 meters in the stations of tonekabon, noushahr, babolsar and amirabad. samples were fixed in formalin (2-2.5%) before transfer...

The ABC–conjecture was first formulated by David Masser and Joseph Osterlé (see [Ost]) in 1985. Curiously, although this conjecture could have been formulated in the last century, its discovery was based on modern research in the theory of function fields and elliptic curves, which suggests that it is a statement about ramification in arithmetic algebraic geometry. The ABC–conjecture seems conn...

Earthworms, termites, and ants are common macroinvertebrates in terrestrial environments, although for most ecosystems data on their abundance and biomass is sparse. Quantifying their areal abundance is a critical first step in understanding their functional importance. We intensively sampled dead wood, litter, and soil in eastern US temperate hardwood forests at four sites, which span much of ...