In the present research, vibrational behavior of anisotropic protein microtubules (MTs) immersed in cytosol via Cooper–Naghdi shell model is investigated. MTs are hollow cylindrical structures in the eukaryotic cytoskeleton which surrounded by filament network. The temperature effect on vibration frequency is also taken into account by assuming temperature-dependent material properties for MTs....

Tannic acid fixation reveals differences in the number of protofilaments between microtubules (MTs) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Most cells have MTs with 11 protofilaments but the six touch receptor neurons (the microtubule cells) have MTs with 15 protofilaments. No 13-protofilament (13-p) MT has been seen. The modified cilia of sensory neurons also possess unusual structures. The ci...

The polarity of kinetochore microtubules (MTs) has been studied in lysed PtK1 cells by polymerizing hook-shaped sheets of neurotubulin onto walls of preexisting cellular MTs in a fashion that reveals their structural polarity. Three different approaches are presented here: (a) we have screened the polarity of all MTs in a given spindle cross section taken from the region between the kinetochore...

External knowledge integration (EKI) is the process by which organizations identify, acquire, and utilize knowledge from their environment. While there is a vast array of methods and tools (MTs) available to support this process, it seems that high-tech small and medium sized enterprises (HTSMEs) hardly use them. This study investigates a) whether this is correct for a variety of MTs, b) what i...

The polarity of kinetochore microtubules (MTs) has been studied in lysed PtK1 cells by polymerizing hook-shapdd sheets of neurotubulin onto the walls of preexisting cellular MTs in a fashion that reveals their structural polarity . Three different approaches are presented here : (a) we have screened the polarity of all MTs in a given spindle cross section taken from the region between the kinet...

The polarity of kinetochore microtubules (MTs) has been studied in lysed PtK1 cells by polymerizing hook-shapdd sheets of neurotubulin onto the walls of preexisting cellular MTs in a fashion that reveals their structural polarity . Three different approaches are presented here : (a) we have screened the polarity of all MTs in a given spindle cross section taken from the region between the kinet...

Ten mitotic spindles from Dictyostelium discoideum have been studied by electron microscopy of serial sections. We have used computer graphics to track individual microtubules (MTs) in three dimensions and to compare seven spindles at different stages of anaphase and telophase. The central spindle of early anaphase is formed by the interdigitation of two sets of pole-associated MTs. The distrib...

Interphase cultured monkey kidney (TC-7) cells contain distinct subsets of cellular microtubules (MTs) enriched in posttranslationally detyrosinated (Glu) or tyrosinated (Tyr) alpha tubulin (Gundersen, G. G., M. H. Kalnoski, and J. C. Bulinski. 1984. Cell. 38:779-789). To determine the relative stability of these subsets of MTs, we subjected TC-7 cells to treatments that slowly depolymerized MT...

The mts-1 gene is associated with the expression of the metastatic phenotype of tumor cells. The protein product of the mts-1 gene belongs to the S100 family of Ca(2+)-binding proteins with unknown biochemical function. In the present work, monoclonal anti-Mts-1 antibodies were used to isolate and characterize Mts-1 protein possible targets. Mts-1 protein can be immunoprecipitated by both anti-...