tuberculosis is an important opportunistic disease among hiv- infected persons worldwide; from march 1999 to feburery 2001 we had seventeen patients with hiv-infection and tuberculosis. here we are presenting the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of them. all of them were male, 11 patients had pulmonary and 5 patients had extrapulmonary (pleural effusion 1, hepatic granu...

The distribution of continuous data can often be closely approximated by the normal distribution (1). For example, the distribution of Cobb angles for scoliotic females may be represented by a normal distribution with a notional mean (μ) = 15 degrees and a notional standard deviation (σ) = 5 degrees, and is shown in figure 1. By assuming that these Cobb angles follow a normal distribution, we a...

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