The Calculus of Looping Sequences (CLS) is a calculus suitable to describe biological systems and their evolution. CLS terms are constructed by starting from basic constituents and composing them by means of operators of concatenation, looping, containment and parallel composition. CLS terms can be transformed by applying rewrite rules. We give a labeled transition semantics for CLS by using, a...

The potential for improvedmanagement of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Cercospora beticola, using the herbicide glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant sugar beet varieties was investigated. Controlled field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to determine if glyphosate and glyphosateefungicide combinations improved the management of CLS in four commercial varieties of glyphosate-resi...

PURPOSE To study performance of a contact lens sensor (CLS) for 24-hour monitoring of IOP-related short-term patterns and compare with IOP obtained by pneumatonometry. METHODS Prospective clinical trial. Thirty-one healthy volunteers and 2 glaucoma patients were housed for 24 hours in a sleep laboratory. One randomly selected eye was fitted with a CLS (Triggerfish, Sensimed, Switzerland), whi...

We examined the records of sixty-one patients (17 males and 44 females) with endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB). Smear tests of acid-fast bacilli were positive in 42 cases and cultures of tubercle bacilli (TB) were positive in 57. The main findings of chest roentgenogram on admission were as follows: no abnormal findings in 8, atelectasis in 30, infiltration in 25, and cavitary lesions in 6. The...

We survey the formalism Calculus of Looping Sequences (CLS) and a number of its variants from the point of view of their use for describing biological membranes. The formalism CLS is based on term rewriting and allows describing biomolecular systems. A first variant of CLS, called Stochastic CLS, extends the formalism with stochastic time, another variant, called LCLS (CLS with links), allows d...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether dual-chamber rate-adaptive Closed Loop Stimulation (CLS) could prevent recurrence of Vasovagal Syncope (VVS). BACKGROUND During VVS, an increase in myocardial contractility associated with a reduction of ventricular filling produces an increase in baroreceptor afferent flow and a consequent decrease in the heart rate. The CLS algorithm is a form of rate-adaptiv...

The calculus of looping sequences is a formalism for describing the evolution of biological systems by means of term rewriting rules. We enrich this calculus with a type discipline, derived from the requirement of certain elements and the repellency of others, and a type semantic, based on rules respecting different biological properties.

We describe the Calculus of Looping Sequences (CLS) which is suitable for modeling microbiological systems and their evolution. We present two extensions, CLS with links (LCLS) and Stochastic CLS. LCLS simplifies the description of protein interaction at a lower level of abstraction, namely at the domain level. Stochastic CLS allows us to describe quantitative aspects of the modeled systems, su...

The paper describes the development of the computer literacy scale (CLS), an objective knowledge test estimating the ability to understand ICT related symbols, functional elements and interaction patterns as an essential aspect of computer literacy that reliably predicts successful ICT interaction. The original version (CLS-ST) was developed as a paper & pencil questionnaire and has been used i...