We have shown previously that replacement of the spike (S) gene of the apathogenic IBV strain Beau-R with that from the pathogenic strain of the same serotype, M41, resulted in an apathogenic virus, BeauR-M41(S), that conferred protection against challenge with M41. We have constructed a recombinant IBV, BeauR-4/91(S), with the genetic backbone of Beau-R but expressing the spike protein of the ...

We have previously demonstrated that the replacement of the S gene from an avirulent strain (Beaudette) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an S gene from a virulent strain (M41) resulted in a recombinant virus (BeauR-M41(S)) with the in vitro cell tropism of the virulent virus but that was still avirulent. In order to investigate whether any of the other structural or accessory genes pla...

Viruses have evolved various strategies to prevent premature apoptosis of infected host cells. Some of the viral genes mediating antiapoptotic functions have been identified by their homology to cellular genes, but others are structurally unrelated to genes of known function. In this study, we used a random, unbiased approach to identify such genes in the murine cytomegalovirus genome. From a l...

Biginelli reactions were well catalyzed on mesoporous silica MCM-41 (M41) whose activity was much greater than that of amorphous silica. Octane was the most suitable among 6 kinds of solvents examined. The addition of metal ions on M41 enhanced the catalytic activity in the order Al > Ti > Fe = In. Al-planted M41s with Si/Al ratios of 45-35 showed the highest catalytic activity and could be use...

BACKGROUND The DAOA/G30 (D-amino acid oxidase activator) gene complex at chromosomal region 13q32-33 is one of the most intriguing susceptibility loci for the major psychiatric disorders, although there is no consensus about the specific risk alleles or haplotypes across studies. METHODS In a case-control sample of German descent (affective psychosis: n = 248; controls: n = 188) we examined s...

Cytomegaloviruses utilize overlapping and embedded reading frames as a way to efficiently package and express all genes necessary to carry out a complex lifecycle. Murine cytomegalovirus encodes a mitochondrial-localized inhibitor of Bak oligomerization (vIBO) from m41.1, a reading frame that is embedded within the m41 gene. The m41.1-encoded mitochondrial protein and m41-encoded Golgi-localize...

Vicriviroc (SCH 417690), a CCR5 receptor antagonist, is currently under investigation for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. The objective of this study was to identify human liver cytochrome P450 enzyme(s) responsible for the metabolism of vicriviroc. Human liver microsomes metabolized vicriviroc via N-oxidation (M2/M3), O-demethylation (M15), N,N-dealkylation (M16), N-de...

CONTEXT Variation at the DAOA/G30 locus has been described to be associated with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but there is little consistency between studies of the tested polymorphisms or variants showing association. OBJECTIVES To obtain a stringent replication of association in large samples of both disorders using consistent clinical and laboratory methods, and to test the hyp...

Dasotraline is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and the early clinical trials show a slow absorption and long elimination half-life. To investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of dasotraline in humans, a single dose of [C]-dasotraline was administered to eight healthy male adult volunteers. At 35 days, 90.7% of the dosed radioactivity was recovered i...

Dasotraline is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and the early clinical trials show a slow absorption and long elimination half-life. To investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of dasotraline in humans, a single dose of [14C]-dasotraline was administered to eight healthy male adult volunteers. At 35 days, 90.7% of the dosed radioactivity was recovered...