The energy cost of contractions in skeletal muscle involves activation of both actomyosin and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺-pump (SERCA) ATPases, which together determine the overall ATP demand. During repetitive contractions leading to fatigue, the relaxation rate and Ca²⁺ pumping become slowed, possibly because of intracellular metabolite accumulation. The role of the energy cost of cross-...

We report here for the first time the synthesis of two novel hierarchical homogeneous nanoarchitectures of TiO2 nanorods branched TiO2 nanotube arrays (BTs) and P25-coated TiO2 nanotube arrays (PCTs) using two-step method including electrochemical anodization and hydrothermal modification process. Then the photocurrent densities versus applied potentials of BTs, PCTs, and pure TiO2 nanotube arr...

In this paper, we argue that the modularity, reusability and complexity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) guidance and control systems might be improved by using a Behavior Tree (BT) architecture. BTs are a particular kind of Hybrid Dynamical Systems (HDS), where the state transitions of the HDS are implicitly encoded in a tree structure, instead of explicitly stated in transition maps. In the g...

The British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in children are used as the audit standard for the annual BTS Paediatric Pneumonia Audit. This report examines 3 years of data from this national audit, highlighting trends in clinical practice and the impact of the 2011 revisions to the BTS guidelines. The findings suggest an over-reliance on inves...

BACKGROUND Management of benign tracheal stenosis (BTS) varies with the type and extent of the disease and influenced by the patient's age and general health status, hence we sought to investigate the long-term outcome of patients with BTS that underwent minimally invasive bronchoscopic treatment. METHODS Patients with symptomatic BTS were treated with flexible bronchoscopy therapeutic modali...

When the Malaysian government announced the implementation of the Build-Then-Sell (BTS) system in 2007, the proponents of the BTS have argued that the implementation of this new system may provide houses with low defects. However, there has been no empirical data to support their argument. Therefore, this study is conducted to measure the level of housing defects in the BTS housing delivery sys...

Behavior trees (BTs) emerged from video game development as a graphical language for modeling intelligent agent behavior. BTs have several properties which are attractive for modeling medical procedures including human-readability, authoring tools, and composability. This paper will illustrate construction of BTs for exemplary medical procedures 1 .

BTS is an allosteric, small molecule inhibitor of the ATPase activity of myosin II (1). It has been shown that BTS is remarkably specific for the fast skeletal myosin isoform. In solution studies it was found that BTS decreases the rate of phosphate release from myosin and weakens the apparent affinity of S1.ADP for actin (2). These effects seem to be responsible for the reduced force productio...

The increase of the base transceiver station (BTS) in most urban areas can be traced to the drive by network providers to meet demand for coverage and capacity. In traditional network planning, the final decision of BTS placement is taken by a team of radio planners, this decision is not fool proof against regulatory requirements. In this paper, an intelligent based algorithm for optimal BTS si...