This review describes the general provisions of and the philosophy behind European Directive 2004/40/EC and ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines. As an example of national legislation on the protection of workers against excessive electromagnetic field exposure, regulations established in Poland are summarized. The problems of a practical implementat...

We investigated the levels of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) emitted from marine ship transmitters. In this study, we recorded the radio frequency (RF) electric field (EF) levels emitted from transmitters from a marine vessel focusing on the areas normally occupied by crew members and passengers. Previous studies considered radiation hazard safety assessment for marine vessels...

The paper reviews some topics in human exposure to high frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields based on certain integral equation formulations and related numerical solution procedures. Illustrative computational examples are related to the human eye and the human brain exposed to HF radiation. The obtained numerical results for specific absorption rate (SAR) are compared against exposure limits...

INTRODUCTION Public and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields due to the growing trend of electronic devices may cause adverse effects on human health. This paper describes the risk of mutation and sexual trauma and infertility in masculine sexual cell by mobile phone radiations. METHODS In this study, we measured the emitted dose from a radiofrequency device, such as switching high...

In this work, a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 for the industrial, scientific medical (ISM) band is presented. The fabricated on substrate material, Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with low-profile feature dimensions of 30×38 mm2 which makes it good solution wearable applications. Bending investigation also performed over vacuum cylinder diameters are varied 50 mm, ...

Human exposure modelling is a complex topic, because in a realistic exposure scenario, several parameters (e.g., the source, the orientation of incident fields, the morphology of subjects) vary and influence the dose. Deterministic dosimetry, so far used to analyze human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), is highly time consuming if the previously-mentioned variations are considered. Sto...

We investigated whether domestic and professional induction cooktops comply with the basic restrictions defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Based on magnetic field measurements, a generic numerical model of an induction cooktop was derived in order to model user exposure. The current density induced in the user was simulated for various models ...

Since laboratory conditions are easier to set up for in vitro studies, and because apparently simpler and more stable biological systems can be studied with this approach, there is an exceedingly large experimental literature on RF interactions on these aspects, which we do not intend the review in detail here. Recent exhaustive reviews by other authors have been published elsewhere and the rea...

The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method in combination with a well established frequency scaling method was used to calculate the internal fields and current densities induced in a simple model of a pregnant woman and her foetus, when exposed to hand-held metal detectors. The pregnant woman and foetus were modelled using a simple semi-heterogeneous model in 10 mm resolution, consisting ...