Risky decisions involve cognitive and emotional factors. As the primary test for the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) examines these factors. Skin conductance shows anticipatory physiological responses on the IGT supporting SMH. Pupil dilation offers an alternative physiological marker. Predictive effects of anticipatory pupillary responses to positive and negative ...

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is sensitive to decision making impairments in several clinical groups with frontal impairment. However the complexity of the IGT, particularly in terms of its learning requirements, makes it difficult to know whether disadvantageous (risky) selections in this task reflect deliberate risk taking or a failure to recognise risk. To determine whether propensity for ris...

Abstract Impairments in decision-making have been suggested as a predisposing factor to obesity development. Individuals with excess weight display riskier decisions than normal people. Furthermore, adolescence is period of life which risky behavior may increase. We aimed investigate decision making applying the Outcome-Representation-Learning (ORL) model Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) adolescents we...

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was developed as a test of Damasio’s Somatic Marker Hypothesis, which hypothesizes that emotion plays a role in decision-making. The IGT is now widely used to assess the role of emotion in decision-making in clinical populations. However, although Damasio’s experimental results using the IGT were consistent with the Somatic Marker Hypothesis, there is no direct evid...

Over past decade, the Iowa gambling task (IGT) has been utilized to test various decision deficits induced by neurological damage or psychiatric disorders. The IGT has recently been standardized for identifying 13 different neuropsychological disorders. Neuropsychological patients choose bad decks frequently, and normal subjects prefer good expected value (EV) decks. However, the IGT has severa...

OBJECTIVE To assess the cardiovascular risk profile, the degree of insulin resistance, and beta-cell secretion in a cohort of subjects with different categories of impaired glucose regulation (IGR): impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined IFG/IGT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 902 nondiabetic subjects between 30 and 80 years of age, recruited fr...

Since Bechara et al. pioneered its development, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been widely applied to elucidate decision behavior and medial prefrontal function. Although most decision makers can hunch the final benefits of IGT, ventromedial prefrontal lesions generate a myopic choice pattern. Additionally, the Iowa group developed a revised IGT (inverted IGT, iIGT) to confirm the IGT validit...

OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with changes in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), regardless of fasting glucose (FG). SUBJECTS AND METHODS 377 patients (53.8 ± 15.2 years, 77.7% women and BMI = 31.4 ± 5.9 kg/m²) with no history of diabetes mellitus(DM), underwent OGTT and compared according to the results: normal (NGT), impaired (IGT) and DM. RESULTS 202 patients (53.6%) had alte...

In the U.S., ∼ 21 × 10(6) individuals have type 2 diabetes, and twice as many have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Approximately 40-50% of individuals with IGT will progress to type 2 diabetes over their lifetime. Therefore, treatment of high-risk individuals with IGT to prevent type 2 diabetes has important medical, economic, social, and human implications. Weight loss, although effective in...