The central amygdala (Ce), particularly its medial sector (CeM), is the main output station of the amygdala for conditioned fear responses. However, there is uncertainty regarding the nature of CeM control over conditioned fear. The present study aimed to clarify this question using unit recordings in rats. Fear conditioning caused most CeM neurons to increase their conditioned stimulus (CS) re...

Bile-salt activated carboxylic ester lipase (CEL) is a major triglyceride, cholesterol ester and vitamin ester hydrolytic enzyme contained within pancreatic and lactating mammary gland secretions. Bioinformatic methods were used to predict the amino acid sequences, secondary and tertiary structures and gene locations for CEL genes, and encoded proteins using data from several vertebrate genome ...

To evaluate the effect of a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, celecoxib (CEL), on bladder cancer inhibition in a rat model, when used as preventive versus as curative treatment. The study comprised 52 male Wistar rats, divided in 5 groups, during a 20-week protocol: control: vehicle, carcinogen: 0.05% of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN), CEL: 10  mg/kg/day of the selective COX-2 inhibitor...

CEL-HYB is a hybrid allele that arose from a crossover between the 3' end of the Carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene and the nearby CEL pseudogene (CELP) and was recently identified as a risk factor for chronic pancreatitis. Since chronic pancreatitis is a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer, we compared the prevalence of the CEL-HYB allele in patients with pancreatic ductal adeno...

The hypog]ycemic etfects of Lagerstroemia speciosa L., known by the Taga]og name of banaba in the Phi]tipines, were studied using hereditary diabetic mice (Type II, KK-AYfTa Jcl). The mice were fed a test diet containing 5ei3 of the hot-water extract (HWE) from banaha leaves, 3% of the water e]uent of the partial fraction unadsorbed onto HP-20 resin ef HWE (HPWE), and 2% of the methanot etuent ...

A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. Fourier transform infra...

Three extracellular cellulose-depolymerizing enzymes from cotton undergoing decay by the brown rot fungus Meruliporia (Serpula) incrassata were isolated by anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. Depolymerization was detected by analyzing the changes in the molecular size distribution of cotton cellulose by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The average degree ...

Mao, H.L., Wu, C.H., Wang, J.K. and Liu, J.X. 2013. Synergistic effect of cellulase and xylanase on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population with rice straw as substrate. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 13: 477-487. The in vitro gas test was conducted to investigate the effects of cellulase (CEL) and xylanase (XYL) on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population with r...

We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composite from cellulose (CEL) and dibenzo-18-crown 6 using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The [CEL+DB18C6] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions from DB18C6. More importantly,...

Inputs about the conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimuli converge in the lateral amygdala (LA) during classical fear conditioning (FC). This leads to potentiation of CS inputs to LA neurons, and consequent increases in the firing of central medial amygdala (CeM) cells. In turn, CeM cells drive conditioned fear responses via their projections to fear effector neurons. However, transmissi...