میون‌­ها به دلیل سطح مقطع کوچک برای انجام واکنش، متداول‌­ترین تابش فضایی قابل آشکارسازی در زمین هستند. همانند سایر ذراتی که از طریق برخورد ذرات پرانرژی تولید می‌­شوند، ناپایدار و دارای طیف توزیع طول عمر این مقاله، انرژی میون با استفاده سیستم طیف‌­سنجی دیجیتال اندازه‌­گیری شده است. روش ارایه همه ماژول­ه‌ای الکترونیک هسته‌­ای آنالوگ حذف فرایند شکل­ دهی سیگنال‌­ها ثبت آن­ها صورت نرم­‌افزاری اندازه...

nano-silica supported boron trifluoride (bf3.sio2) is an efficient, reusable and eco-friendly catalyst for chemoselective thioacetalization of aldehydes and ketones. so, this catalyst was applied for transthioacetalization of acetals and acylals into their corresponding 1,3-dithiolanes or 1,3-dithianes  in good to excellent yields. the reactions were carried out at room temperature under solven...

The BF3.OEt2-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts propargylation of aromatic compounds with O-propargyl trichloroacetimidates is highly efficient and affords 1,3-diarylpropyne derivatives in good yields.

The stereospecific and regioselective C(3) alkynylation of trisubstituted epoxides has been achieved with lithium alkynyl trimethylaluminium ate complexes in the presence of BF3 x OEt2.

The synthesis of clickable polysaccharides was achieved by using alkynylated 1,6-anhydro glucopyranose as a monomer and BF3·OEt2 as an effective catalyst. Subsequent click conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) afforded PEG-grafted polysaccharides in nearly quantitative efficiency.

The lactone rings of ginkgolide A are converted into corresponding tetrahydrofuran moieties via DIBAL-H reduction followed by deoxygenation of the formed lactols with Et3SiH-BF3.Et2O to produce a series of lactone-free ginkgolides.

A series of 'dual-functionalised' ionic liquids, comprising imidazolium cations with various functionalities and the nitrile functionalised anion [CH3CH(BF3)CH2CN]- have been prepared; some exhibit very low viscosities-a highly valuable property in many applications.

Fatty acids are commonly analysed by gas chromatography as their corresponding fatty acid (FA) methyl esters (FAME). For quantitative determination of individual FA an internal standard like C17:0 is necessary. Conjugated FA and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) represents a challenge in the methylation steps, as they are sensitive to pH changes and oxidation. The present study was carried out ...