spreading depression (sd), discovered by leao in 1944, is a pathophysiological wave which propagates slowly in the brain (3 mm/min) and cause dramatic ionic and hemodynamic changes. sd appears to act through several mechanisms and receptors which have not completely understood. here, we studied the effect of inhibitory system in animal model of sd using immunohistochemistry technique. after imp...

gamma aminobutyric acid (gaba) is one of the inhibitory neurotransmitters that may have the ability torelieve the intensity of stress. heat stress remains a major threat for duck production in summer in most areas of china. the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary gaba on performanceparameters and plasma metabolites of heat exposed ducks. two thousand cherry valley d...

The quantitative measurement of amino acids in different areas of the central nervous system has shown that a progressive increase takes place in levels of y-aminobutyric acid during development (2, 3), and that the concentration of this amino acid in adult brain is relatively constant under a variety of physiological stresses. y-Aminobutyric acid is synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase, ...

The non-protein amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) can induce plant resistance to a broad spectrum of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, BABA-induced plant resistance to insects is less well-studied, especially its underlying mechanism. In this research, we applied BABA to wheat seedlings and tested its effects on Sitobion avenae (F.). When applied as a soil drench, BABA significantly red...

Chiral γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives are the normal inhibitory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. In this paper, enantiopure GABA derivatives 6 were synthesized via reduction/cyclization/hydrolysis cascade reactions from the highly enantioselective β-aryl-γnitroalkanes Michael adducts 4, which was obtained from asymmetric Michael addition of S, S’-diphenyldithio...

Sodium valproate and tomato extract have been studied in different experimental models of epilepsy individually. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene on the antiepileptic effects of sodium valproate against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice. Swiss albino mice of either sex were randomly divided into 5 groups, with each group containing 8 mice. These group...