A sample of 560 Arab Facebook users consisting students, faculty, schoolteachers, and other professionals with different proficiency levels in English was selected. The study analyzed how Arabic personal names on to find out the glottal stop (hamza) [ʔ] and/or voiced pharyngeal fricative [ʕ] initial, medial final positions, short long vowels before after them are spelled; whether there variatio...

background and aim: speech understanding almost never occurs in silence. verbal communication often occurs in environments where multiple speakers are talking. in such environments, babbling noise masks speech comprehension. consonants, in comparison to vowels, are more sensitive to noise masking. consonants provide most acoustic information needed for comprehending the meaning of the word. sin...

Social class is one of the key axes sociolinguistic variation, but speech those at top spectrum—the elite—is rarely studied. While T-glottalling has spread widely across British English accents, a competing variant—T-tapping—has attracted little scholarly attention in United Kingdom. This article presents study elite by examining variation T-tapping among adolescent speakers Standard Southern E...