5 We present a simple semi-empirical model to explore the hypothesis that the Madden-Julian 6 oscillation can be represented as a moisture mode destabilized by surface flux and cloud7 radiative feedbacks. The model is one-dimensional in longitude; vertical and meridional 8 structure are entirely implicit. The only prognostic variable is column water vapor, W. The 9 zonal wind field is an instan...

(3) Here the square brackets denote zonal means, RΤ is the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere, and a time average has been used to eliminate the tendency term. Eq. (3) expresses the requirement of total energy balance for a “ring” of air along a latitude circle. By further integration of (3) with respect to latitude, we can obtain the meridional energy transport by the atmosphere, with ...

This paper studies multiple regimes and low-frequency oscillations in the Northern Hemisphere zonal-mean zonal flow in winter, using 55 years of daily observational data. The probability density function estimated in the phase space spanned by the two leading empirical orthogonal functions exhibits two distinct, statistically significant maxima. The two regimes associated with these maxima desc...

A mobile Rayleigh Doppler lidar based on the molecular double-edge technique is developed for measuring wind velocity in the middle atmosphere up to 60 km. The lidar uses three lasers with a mean power of 17.5 W at 355 nm each and three 1 m diameter telescopes to receive the backscattered echo: one points to zenith for vertical wind component and temperature measurement; the two others pointing...

[1] Horizontal neutral winds play an important role in lowlatitude ionospheric E and F-region dynamics. In particular, the zonal winds have strong effects on the local structure of the low-latitude ionospheric current system. Accurate wind specification is therefore essential for modeling these currents. In order to investigate the retrieval of eastward electric fields from satellite-derived eq...

A new estimate is made using altimeter data of the rate at which the wind works on the oceanic general circulation. The value of about 1 TW is lower than previously estimated and is dominated by the work done by the mean zonal wind in the Southern Ocean. The meridional component of the mean wind contributes primarily in the eastern upwelling regions of the ocean. Fluctuating component contribut...

Systematic and compensating errors can lead to degraded predictive skill in climate models. Such errors may be identified by comparing different models in an analysis of individual physical processes. We examine model simulations of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models, using transfer functions to analyze nine processes critical to ENSO...

introduction subtropical high pressure is one of the main elements of the general circulation of the atmosphere. annual motion of the circulation plays an important role in movement path of pressure systems and westerlies. hence, large parts of the planet are affected directly and indirectly by this system. sometimes the high pressure called the subtropical high pressure belt. it’s shown as sev...

Since the renewable resources of energy have become extremely important, especially wind energy, scientists have begun to modify the design of the wind turbine components, mainly rotor blades. Aerodynamic design considered a major research field related to power production of a small horizontal wind turbine, especially in low wind speed locations. This study displays an approach to the selectio...