The term zone of proximal development is probably one of the most widely recognized and wellknown ideas associated with Vygotsky’s scientific legacy. This famous concept is more precise and elaborated than its common reception or interpretation (Chaiklin, 2003, p. 39). It could be viewed in a narrow context, i.e. within the concrete problem of relations between learning and development. But to ...

An analysis of the influence of motivation on the ZPD is being carried out. To investigate the impact of motivational factors on the ZPD the inclusion of a motivation differentiator layer into the Ecolab [11] is proposed. The mechanisms and values to measure the motivational states of the learners and scaffold the motivational strategies to adjust them to individual pupils are outlined. The mai...

We describe a case of deep stupor after a suicide attempt with Zolpidem (Stillnox). A 64 year old patient was admitted unconscious to the emergency room. According to the medical document brought by his family, the patient was recently diagnosed with APLA syndrome, had 2 previous CVAs, the last one, having been located in the occipital lobe, resulted in cortical blindness. His wife described sh...

OBJECTIVE Chronic insomnia is a common phenomenon among the elderly. Inaccurate handling and use of hypnotics in the elderly has become an important issue in patient safety. Older people who self-medicate often have a high risk for medication errors. METHODS AND RESULTS We described here the case of a 65-year-old woman who experienced recurrent transient anterograde amnesia, anxiety, bewilder...

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder associated with either hepatocellular insufficiency and/or the presence of porto-systemic shunts. It is thought to be induced by altered neurotransmission mediated by enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced inhibitory tone. The use of benzodiazepines are generally avoided in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (...