Since the advent of reforms and opening-up China, focus has been on urban development. However, rural development garnered attention in recent years. This research explores energy performance improvement methods for houses Xi’an, China. It aims to discuss feasibility designing a nearly zero-energy building (nZEB), based typical residential housing through proposing new construction examining st...

reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have become a worldwide necessity. iran has the sixteenth ranking position of global greenhouse gas emissions and its rate of growth is above global average. built environments are responsible for about 40% of energy consumption and it is generally approved that the greatest portion of built environment is dedicated to residential land us...

The U.S. Department of Energy has launched the commercial building initiative (CBI) in pursuit of its research goal of achieving zero-net-energy commercial buildings (ZNEB), i.e. ones that produce as much energy as they use. Its objective is to make these buildings marketable by 2025 such that they minimize their energy use through cutting-edge, energy-efficiency technologies and meet their rem...

The recast of the energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD) describes a comparative methodological framework to promote energy efficiency and establish minimum energy performance requirements in buildings at the lowest costs. The aim of the cost-optimal methodology is to foster the achievement of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs), the new target for all new buildings by 2020, characte...

The concept of zero-energy building (ZEB) has attracted global attention in recent years as it involves offsetting the primary energy usage a on an annual base by generated from renewable resources. performance wall-mounted photovoltaics (PV) for applications great potential ZEB. In this study, we compared and common roof-mounted PV systems using combination experimental theoretical studies. sy...

the municipality of tehran is intending to construct a permanent international flower exhibition. the activities for construction began in the year 2006. the exhibition has three distinct areas namely “northern area”,”southern area” and “central area”. in northern and southern area the flowers are supposed to be preserved and in central area, they will be sold out. in the present st...