As mentioned in Chapter 1, the main issues in trans-boundary river basins are scarcity of water and externalities from upstream to downstream. For instance, excessive water consumption of upstream countries might deprive the right of water consumption for downstream countries. Another prominent issue is that upstream countries could pollute the trans-boundary river carelessly without taking int...

Phyllite and quartzite, probably Precambrian, trend meridionally and dip steeply in the New River Gorge above the junction with the Salisbury River in southern Tasmania. Further upstream an association of silty dolomite and conglomerate is less deformed and may be younger. Siliceous conglomerate boulders occur in the New River below the gorge. Late Ordovician carbonates of the Gordon Group are ...

SHALEHILLS, PA CZO Snow FLUX-­‐PIHM(LSM) Age Isotope Transport Carbon Cycle LITTLE JUNIATA, PA CZO Ecology/Wetland FLUX-­‐PIHM(LSM) SHAVERS CREEK, PA CZO Ecology/Wetland LACKAWANNA RIVER, PA Ecology/Wetland MAHANTANGO CREEK, PA Ecology/Wetland MUDDY CREEK, PA Ecology/Wetland YOUNG WOMAN CREEK, PA CZO Ecology/Wetland JUNIATA RIVER BASIN, PA Parallel computa>on Large watershed applica>on WHITE CL...

An oral rhesus-human rotavirus tetravalent (RRV-TV) vaccine (10(4) pfu of rhesus rotavirus [type G3] and of 3 human-rhesus reassortants [G1, G2, and G4]) was evaluated in a field trial in Lima, Peru. At 2, 3, and 4 months of age, infants received either a dose of RRV-TV, an initial dose of vaccine followed by a dose of placebo at 3 and 4 months, or a dose of placebo. Rotavirus-specific IgA resp...

Ross River virus (RRV), spread by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, is the most commonly transmitted arbovirus in Australia. A serosurvey of blood donors in French Polynesia during 2011-2013 suggested that RRV circulated without being detected. We report RRV circulation in French Polynesia based on further screening of blood samples collected during 2014-2015.

BACKGROUND Migratory species face numerous threats related to human encroachment and climate change. Several migratory populations are declining and individuals are losing their migratory behaviour. To understand how habitat loss or changes in the phenology of natural processes affect migrations, it is crucial to clearly identify the timing and the patterns of migration. We propose an objective...

We examined the structure and extent of genetic diversity in intrahost populations of Ross River virus (RRV) in samples from six human patients, focusing on the nonstructural (nsP3) and structural (E2) protein genes. Strikingly, although the samples were collected from contrasting ecological settings 3,000 kilometers apart in Australia, we observed multiple viral lineages in four of the six ind...

A detailed look at the ecology of a disease can lead to recommendations for public health interventions that are not otherwise obvious. To illustrate this point, this paper discusses the ecology and control of infection with the Australian arbovirus Ross River virus (RRV). The traditional insecticidal approach to mosquito control is recommended when an outbreak of RRV results from the expansion...

Ground based in-situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) at the dry lakebed at Railroad Valley (RRV) playa, Nevada, USA (38°30.234′ N, 115°41.604′ W, elevation 1437 m) were conducted over a five day period from 20–25 June 2010. The playa is a flat, desert site with virtually no vegetation, an overall size of 15 km × 15 km and is approximately 110 km south-west of the nearest ...

The spatial and temporal variations of Ross River virus infections reported in Queensland, Australia, between 1985 and 1996 were studied by using the Geographic Information System. The notified cases of Ross River virus infection came from 489 localities between 1985 and 1988, 805 between 1989 and 1992, and 1,157 between 1993 and 1996 (chi2(df = 2) = 680.9; P < 0.001). There was a marked increa...