The importance of work is due to the water in continuation human life and its great role practicing various activities, which concern industry, agriculture fields. research methods included increasing scarcity resources resulting from decrease quantities available individual, deterioration quantity objectives economic social development, thus imposing development definition a management strateg...

This special issue is a collection of recent papers in the field of Water Footprint Assessment (WFA), an emerging area of research focused on the analysis of freshwater use, scarcity, and pollution in relation to consumption, production, and trade. As increasing freshwater scarcity forms a major risk to the global economy, sustainable management of water resources is a prerequisite to developme...

yield gap analysis provides an essential framework to prioritize research and policy efforts aimed at reducing yield constraints. to identify options for increasing chickpea yield, the ssm-chickpea model was parameterized and evaluated to analyze yield potentials, water limited yields and yield gaps for nine regions representing major chickpea-growing areas of razavi khorasan province. the aver...

Over the past decades, water scarcity has become prevalent in many regions of world. Previous assessments largely considered “blue water” (surface and groundwater) overlooked “green (soil moisture), despite its key role supporting crop production. Moreover, long-term evolution remains unclear. Here, we propose an agricultural index (WSIAW) that explicitly combines green blue water. The WSIAW me...