Yellow fever vaccine (YF-VAX, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania) is a live, attenuated virus vaccine recommended for persons aged ≥9 months who are traveling to or living in areas with risk for yellow fever virus transmission (1). For persons of all ages for whom vaccination is indicated, a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mL of reconstituted vaccine is used. Because no specific trea...

BACKGROUND Implementation of yellow fever vaccination is currently hampered by limited supply of vaccine. An alternative route of administration with reduced amounts of vaccine but without loss of vaccine efficacy would boost vaccination programmes. METHODS AND FINDINGS A randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial was conducted in a Dutch university center between August 2005 and February ...

556 www.thelancet.com Vol 388 August 6, 2016 Today populations in the Americas are under increasing threat from the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In earlier centuries, the same mosquito spread the deadly haemorrhagic viral infection known as yellow fever. Rigorously organised vector control programmes in the 20th century, however, ended the urban c...

BACKGROUND Febrile jaundice results clinically in generalized yellow coloration of the teguments and mucous membranes due to excess plasma bilirubin, accompanied by fever. Two types are found: conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin jaundice. Jaundice is a sign in several diseases due to viruses (viral hepatitis and arbovirus), parasites (malaria) and bacteria (leptospirosis). In the Central Afri...

OBJECTIVE To describe a case of infant meningoencephalitis that was probably caused by yellow fever vaccine virus transmitted via breastmilk. DESCRIPTION A 38-day old patient was admitted to hospital on May 23, 2009, with fever. On May 25, 2009, convulsive crises began. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results were suggestive of meningoencephalitis. The mother had been given a dose of yellow fe...

Politics of Participation: Walter Reed’s Yellow-Fever Experiments Akhil Mehra, MD, MPhil At the termination of the Spanish-American War in 1900, American military forces occupied the island of Cuba. Tropical diseases were a major concern of the government, and the American Surgeon General dispatched Major Walter Reed and a team of young doctors to investigate the diseases, particularly the path...

1. It has been possible to introduce yellow fever virus into the small Brazilian monkeys, Callithrix albicollis and Leontocebus ursulus, by the bites of infected mosquitoes and to carry the virus through a series of four passages in each species and back to rhesus monkeys by the bites of Stegomyia mosquitoes fed on the last marmoset of each series. 2. Five specimens of L. ursulus were used. Fou...

Health researchers have advocated for a cross-disciplinary approach to the study and prevention of infectious zoonotic diseases, such as Rift Valley Fever. It is believed that this approach can help bring out the social determinants and effects of the zoonotic diseases for the design of appropriate interventions and public health policy. A comprehensive literature review using a systematic sear...

Aëdes aegypti have been shown to be capable of multiplying the Asibi strain of yellow fever virus in their bodies. Following the ingestion of infected blood, the content of virus falls for several days, reaching a minimum during the 1st week. It then increases rapidly until quantities of virus greater than those previously encountered can be demonstrated. The actual final amount of virus demons...

BACKGROUND In September 2015, the Public Health Unit of the South Western Sydney Local Health District was notified of two possible Q fever cases. Case investigation identified that both cases were employed at an abattoir, and both cases advised that co-workers had experienced similar symptoms. Public Health Unit staff also recalled interviewing in late 2014 at least one other Q fever case who ...