The expansion of the US carceral state has been accompanied by the emergence of what we call the ‘shadow carceral state’. Operating beyond the confines of criminal law and justice institutions, the shadow carceral state expands penal power through institutional annexation and legal hybridity, including: (1) increased civil and administrative pathways to incarceration; (2) the creation of civil ...

Efficient use of resources and promotion circular development are important tasks for strategic during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. China actively promotes remanufacturing industry, but there is still room improvement in many aspects such as industry’s laws regulations, technical systems, consumer awareness. Improving industry system will help us meet future challenges. Combined with theoret...

Social security programs in the People’s Republic of China are in transition due to a series of economic and social experiments introduced by the government since 1978 to promote modernization. These new policies will have immediate and long-term implications not only for statesector employees, who are currently covered by incomemaintenance programs, but also for the majority of aged persons, w...

In the year 2000, SOGON formulated a strategic plan on women's health based on the reproductive health approach with the aim of reducing maternal mortality by 50% by the year 2010. In 2005, the Nigerian Road Map for accelerating the attainment of Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 was launched. One of the key guiding principles of the Road Map was promoting partnerships and joint programming ...

Greed, grievances, and mobilization are generally offered as explanations for rebellion and civil war. The authors extend arguments about the precursors to nonviolent protest, violent rebellion, and civil war. These arguments motivate a series of hypotheses that are tested against data from the Minorities at Risk project. The results of the analysis suggest, first, that the factors that predict...

We assess all 4 of our major learning objectives/outcomes every year according to the assessment plan established in addition to assessing our mission, philosophy, goals, curriculum plan, students (admission requirements, progress, successful retention, success on the national licensure examination, outcomes), faculty, and clinical faculty. We established our assessment plan with the developmen...

Some industry and policy actors are concerned about public opposition to civil drones, in particular because of their association with military drones. However, very little is understood about public reactions to the technology. Strategies to 'manage public acceptance' have so far relied upon several untested assumptions. We conducted public engagement activities to explore citizens' visions of...