Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common form of inherited intellectual disability and is one of the leading known causes of autism. The mutation responsible for FXS is a large expansion of the trinucleotide CGG repeat in the 5' untranslated region of the X-linked gene FMR1. This expansion leads to DNA methylation of FMR1 and to transcriptional silencing, which results in the absence of the gene pr...

This paper has five objectives: (a) to review the scientific background of, and major findings reported in, Medical Problem Solving, now widely recognized as a classic in the field; (b) to compare these results with some of the findings in a recent best-selling collection of case studies; (c) to summarize criticisms of the hypothesis-testing model and to show how these led to greater emphasis o...

In Northern Europe and North America the majority ofchildren with chronic or life threatening liver disease first develop features of liver disease in early infancy. They usually have a hepatitis syndrome characterised by conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, abnormal biochemical tests of liver function, hepatomegaly with or without splenomegaly and partial or complete cholestasis. There may be featu...

Parameterized evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been a standard part of the Evolutionary Computation community from its inception. The widespread use and applicability of EAs is due in part to the ability to adapt an EA to a particular problem-solving context by tuning its parameters. However, tuning EA parameters can itself be a challenging task since EA parameters interact in highly non-line...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most prevalent, debilitating, and costly of all illnesses worldwide. Investigators have made considerable progress in elucidating psychological and biological correlates of MDD; however, far less is known about factors that are implicated in risk for depression. Given the high risk for MDD associated with a family history of depression, investigators...

In the forty years since the Society for Neuroscience was founded, our understanding of the biology of memory has progressed dramatically. From a historical perspective, one can discern four distinct periods of growth in neurobiological research during that time. Here I use that chronology to chart a personalized and selective course through forty years of extraordinary advances in our understa...

OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the full spectrum of psychotropic medication treatment for youths from 1987 to 1996. METHODS A population-based analysis of community treatment data on nearly 900,000 youths enrolled in 2 US health care systems included (1) computerized Medicaid data from 2 states (a midwestern state and a mid-Atlantic state) composed of outpatient prescription claims and enrol...

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Background The self-body image and mentality of scoliosis patients, not only the body physically, is affected by scoliosis treatment, including bracing. Through wearing a brace for five years, I look back on my past, and analyze my encounters with physicians, friends, and family, to see which actions they took, or words they spoke, that were comforting, or helpful, and also, examine those of wh...

The goal of our Y2K BEACON project is to provide information and support services for organizations to help them determine what corrective actions, if any, are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of medical equipment throughout the set of computer date problems commonly known as the Year 2000 (or Y2K) problem. The web site is for hospitals, clinics, medical laboratories, nursing homes an...