Acknowledgements The research for this paper was supported by the DYNACOM project financed through the TSER Programme of the DG12 of the European Commission (Contract No. SOE1-CT1078). I am especially indebted to Clive Lawson who first suggested that I write a paper addressing the relevance of J.R. Commons' institutional economics to contemporary debates on organisational learning. I draw subst...

In this paper, the role of computers in writing process was investigated. Last 25 years of journals were searched to find related articles. Articles and books were classified under prewriting, composing, and revising and editing headings. The review results showed that computers can make writers’ job easy in the writing process. In addition, literature results revealed that teachers, peers, ins...

Optical waveguides can be conveniently written in photorefractive materials by using spatial solitons. We have generated bright spatial solitons inside lithium niobate which allow single-mode light propagation. Efficient waveguides have been generated with CW light powers as high as few microwatts. According to the soliton formation, waveguides can be formed with different shapes. Due to the sl...

Non-fouling surfaces that resist non-specific adsorption of proteins, bacteria, and higher organisms are of particular interest in diverse applications ranging from marine coatings to diagnostic devices and biomedical implants. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the most frequently used polymer to impart surfaces with such non-fouling properties. Nevertheless, limitations in PEG stability have stim...

We designed and manufactured two single-mode fiber-to-chip three-dimensional (3D) edge couplers with taper semi-cone structures on a 3.5 µm silicon device layer of silicon-on-insulator. The 3D finite-difference time-domain is used to simulate optimize the structure within 1550 nm band. simulation results reveal maximum coupling efficiency above 91.42% for TE mode. 3 dB tolerances mode in horizo...

This article is based on a 2016 talk I gave to drawing research group led by Lesley McFadyen, Huda Tayob and Sophie Read. In it look back at my PhD completed in 2013, with view trying disentangle complicated relationship as practice of architectural research. Working through what might not be, propose that, hand writing, writing-drawing forms an entangled mode doing history theory that draws ou...