Over the last 15 years, researchers have become increasingly interested in children’s motivation to read. Because reading is an exigent activity that often involves choice, motivation is crucial to reading engagement. The purpose of this case study was to investigate student attitudes toward reading at summer reading clinic through an urban teaching college in upstate New York. It was hypothesi...

In this paper, we illustrate the successful implementation of pre-class reading assignments through a social learning platform that allows students to discuss the reading online with their classmates. We show how the platform can be used to understand how students are reading before class. We find that, with this platform, students spend an above average amount of time reading (compared to that...

this paper presents a modified 32-bit rom-based direct digital frequency synthesizer (ddfs). maximum output frequency of the ddfs is limited by the structure of the accumulator used in the ddfs architecture. the hierarchical pipeline accumulator (hpa) presented in this paper has less propagation delay time rather than the conventional structures. therefore, it results in both higher maximum ope...

the critique of architecture has always followed architects and those involved in this field and is in fact quite indispensable from it. therefore before going around asking why it is so, it seems appropriate to ask ourselves the how. conceding to the fact that the ultimate goal in the critique of architecture is to discover a specific style with which to think about architecture, the main ques...

the subject of geometry and proportions has been regarded as an issue which has a close relationship with architecture. since the entire universe, living beings and the human geometry can be seen clearly, that’s why our unconscious essence has accustomed to these proportions whereby reflection of this mentality can be seen in the architect’s hands and thought in the architecture. it can witness...

islam is regarded to pay attention to the characteristics of urban life which can be practiced on the urban settings. not surprisingly, islam has made a great focus on the form and design of cities and prescribed detailed and elaborate regulations for individual and communal life. seen from other way round, the penetration of islam into various regions such as iran, europe, and africa had an un...

A s a director of a university diagnostic reading clinic, I see children of all ages who, for one reason or another, are making poor progress in learning to read. Our job in the reading clinic is to determine the nature and source of the child’s reading problem and suggest (and implement) instructional interventions for helping the child improve. Often the children we see in our clinic demonstr...

Despite the growing number of studies highlighting the complex process of acquiring second language (L2) word recognition skills, comparatively little research has examined the relationship between word recognition and passage-level reading ability in L2 learners; further, the existing results are inconclusive. This study aims to help fill the gap. Three word recognition subcomponents (decoding...