the aim of this study was to determine the optimal cutting cycle in an uneven-aged beech forest in the north of iran. first of all, a logistic growth model was determined for an uneven aged forest. then, the stumpage price was predicted via an autoregressive model. the average stumpage price of beech was derived from actual timber, round wood, fire and pulpwood prices at road side minus the var...

The mathematical model of the distribution of deformation-relaxation and heat-mass fields in capillary-porous materials with fractal structure in the process of drying wood is regarded in the article. We used differential equations in partial derivatives of fractional order in description of this model. To describe the creep of wood fractional exponential Rabotnov’s function was used. The numer...

The system of model building codes and voluntary product standards used in the United States for structural lumber and engineered wood products can appear complicated and confusing to those introduced to it for the first time. This paper discusses the various types of structural wood products commonly used in U.S. residential and commercial construction, and the system of building codes and pro...

In this paper we engage with debates concerning people and their contact with the natural environment as part of everyday life drawing on Irwin's ideas of co-construction and Gibson's theory of affordances. We focus on peri-urban woodlands in England as important places where people can interact with nature for health and well-being. Qualitative data were collected in situ via walks in the wood...

This laboratory study examined the use of various wood materials as a carbon source in horizontal flow filters to denitrify nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from a synthetic wastewater. The filter materials were: sawdust (Pinus radiata), sawdust and soil, sawdust and sand, and medium-chip wood chippings and sand. Two influent concentrations of NO3-N, 200 mg L(-1) and 60 mg L(-1), loaded at 2.9 to 19.4 ...

Invasive species can positively, neutrally, or negatively affect the provision of ecosystem services. The direction and magnitude of this effect can be a function of the invaders' density and the service(s) of interest. We assessed the density-dependent effect of an invasive marsh grass, Phragmites australis, on three ecosystem services (plant diversity and community structure, shoreline stabil...

duopoly game theory is applied to the wood industrial markets (sawnwood and pulpwood markets) in the north of iran. the nash equilibrium and the dynamic properties of the system based on marginal adjustments are determined. the probability that the nash equilibrium will be reached is almost zero. the dynamical properties of sawnwood and pulpwood prices derived via the duopoly game model are fou...

The production of new generation of wood preservatives (without addition of a co-biocide) in combination with an exchange of wood poles on identical sites with high fungal inoculum, has resulted in an increase of premature failures of wood utility poles in the last decades. Wood destroying basidiomycetes inhabiting sites where poles have been installed, have developed resistance against wood pr...