CONTEXT An increased prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been reported in adult women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). We investigated whether these hormonal abnormalities begin during puberty by evaluating the ovarian steroidogenic response to leuprolide acetate. METHODS We studied 56 adolescent girls with DM1 (aged 12.3 +/- 0.2 yr) and 64 healthy girls (C) (aged 11.9 +/- ...

T obacco use is a global public health problem of epic proportion, which threatens to kill one of two smokers and harm many non-smokers along the way. The World Health Organisation views both tobacco use and tobacco production as a dire threat to world health, contributing to early death, chronic diseases, poverty, environmental degradation, and labour exploitation. Tobacco use has typically be...

BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular obligatory parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, and it has global distribution. The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iranian pregnant women, and girls and women of childbearing age, and identify potentially preventable risk factors. METHODS Between November 2014 and Febru...

The splitting of muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) plays an integral role in the regulation of muscle O2 utilization during a "step" change in metabolic rate. This study tested the hypothesis that the kinetics of muscle PCr would be faster in children compared with adults both at the onset and offset of moderate-intensity exercise, in concert with the previous demonstration of faster phase II pulmon...

BACKGROUND Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is an essential aspect of hygiene for women and adolescent girls between menarche and menopause. Despite being an important issue concerning women and girls in the menstruating age group MHM is often overlooked in post-disaster responses. Further, there is limited evidence of menstrual hygiene management in humanitarian settings. This study aims to ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the blood leukocyte expression of 22 sex steroid metabolic/signaling genes according to female reproductive status. METHODS Michigan Fisheaters' Cohort participants underwent blood collection during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or randomly in non-menstruating participants. Gene expression (GE) was measured using Taqman hydrolysis probes and quantitative RT-PCR....

Girls for Sale? Child Sex Ratio and Girls Trafficking in India Illegal trafficking of women is a result of their disadvantageous position in the society that is often reflected in increasing preference for son and neglect for daughters. Multiple reports point to India as country confronted with both higher levels of illegal trafficking of girls and abnormal child sex ratios in favor of boys. In...

ObjectivesSeveral researchers performed case-control studies to explore the relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT) and ovarian reserve using anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) in adolescent girls women. But results among these are inconsistent HT is still controversial. The study aimed conduct meta analysis of confirm AMH.Methods6 electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Libra...

Globally, trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness. Survey data consistently show that trachoma-related blindness is two to four times higher in women than men. Tracing the increased risk for trachoma and its consequences for women suggests that other factors besides biology may contribute. Understanding the reasons for the excess risk for and consequences of trachoma in girls and ...

girls in india face discrimination from cradle to grave in different forms and in different arenas of life. however, it is long survival of women compare to men (due to menopause older women free from risk of bearing children in later life and live longer (cromie, 1998), which makes them 48% of population (census, 2011). at every step, she is in patriarchal shackles with no opportunity to escap...