in which it existed prior to conception,?viz., a small body about three or four inches in length. This diminution is accomplished by the joint processes of absorption and excretion?the tissues of the womb previously taking on fatty degeneration?and also by a simultaneous growth of new fibres. Well, this process of involution is arrested in many cases, and, speaking for myself, I must say that I...

The musical brain is built over time through experience with a multitude of sounds in the auditory environment. However, learning the melodies, timbres, and rhythms unique to the music and language of one's culture begins already within the mother's womb during the third trimester of human development. We review evidence that the intrauterine auditory environment plays a key role in shaping lat...

Independent use of K(2) and D(3) and simultaneous application of K(2) and D(3) inhibited the development of osteoporosis caused by PD food intake. The ALP activity of urine as a marker of bone formation osteoporosis did not rise in rats fed PD foods containing D(3), K(2) or both together. Body and womb weights fell in rats fed PD foods with D(3) K(2) and both D(3), K(2). Osteoporosis caused by ...

usual short period that women of the poorer and labouring classes resume their domestic duties. She is not aware of her perinseum being torn, and she now presents no evidence of such having been produced. She was recommended to wear a pessary, but was unable from want of pecuniary means to do so. She had always suffered much inconvenience from constipation, and had considerable pain when the wo...

IntroductIon The incidence of fetal cardiac tumor was about 0.14% as determined by fetal echocardiography.[1] It was extremely difficult to deal with the fetus when the severe circulatory instability was induced by a cardiac tumor in the womb. It was reported that ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure solved the problems of fetal airway or pulmonary lesion during delivery to avoid hyp...

The sterile womb paradigm is an enduring premise in biology that human infants are born sterile. Recent studies suggest that infants incorporate an initial microbiome before birth and receive copious supplementation of maternal microbes through birth and breastfeeding. Moreover, evidence for microbial maternal transmission is increasingly widespread across animals. This collective knowledge com...

Ancient development environment (DA). This term refers to the environment surrounding our hominid ancestors in their formative years, that is, while they developed from fertilized egg to reproductively mature individuals. The term environment is used here broadly; generally meaning all factors that were not genetic in nature, such as social, nutritional, climatic, and other related factors. Lik...

I intend the present paper to be my last word1 in the debate I have been having with Walter Block (2010, 2011a, 2011b) on the subject of evictionism as an alleged libertarian “third way,” capable of transcending the familiar “pro-life” and “pro-choice” dichotomy. In this debate, I myself defended what might be regarded as a qualified “pro-life” position, while Block consistently argued for his ...

External cephalic version (ECV) is the technique of attempting to turn a baby in the womb from a head-up to a head-down position. The practice is grounded on evidence that vaginal breech birth (VBB) presents greater short-term risks for babies than caesarean section (CS) (Hofmeyr et al 2011), but that labour and vaginal birth also offer benefits to both mothers and babies. Therefore, if we can ...