Merchant electricity transmission investment is a practically relevant example of an unregulated investment with monopoly properties. However, while leaving the investment decision to the market, the regulator may decide to prohibit capacity withholding with a must-offer provision. This paper examines the welfare effects of a must-offer provision prior to the capacity choice, given three reason...

Withholding gonadotrophin administration (coasting) may prevent severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). To ascertain the effectiveness of this protection a cohort of 252 consecutive in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles was studied. Twenty women with exaggerated response were treated with coasting. Despite coasting, four patients develo...

Ferrand et al's recent study of withholding and withdrawing life support in intensive care units in France reminds us that reporting end-of-life practices is an important step towards enhancing end-of-life care. The study highlights differences between the paternalistic approach to decision making in Europe, and the patient autonomy model in the USA. However, the reasons intensivists report for...

End-of-life decisions that focus on withholding or withdrawing nutrition and/or hydration present difficult choices at particularly vulnerable times for patients and families. Clinical ethics studies published in the last twenty years provide insight about the decision making process that can be useful to all parties involved. The purpose of the systematic research review is to synthesize empir...

Mineral nutrient deficiencies constitute major limitations for plant growth on agricultural soils around the world. To identify genes that possibly play roles in plant mineral nutrition, we recently generated a high-density array consisting of 1,280 genes from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots for expression profiling in nitrogen (N) nutrition. In the current study, we used the same array ...

BACKGROUND Advances in intensive care medicine have enormously improved ability to successfully treat seriously ill patients. However, intensive treatment and prolongation of life is not always in the patient's best interest, and many ethical dilemmas arise in end-of-life (EOL) situations. We aimed to assess intensive care unit (ICU) physicians' experiences with EOL decision making and to compa...