Rib fractures are common and almost always involve the osseous component of a rib. They are typically diagnosed on plain film. Fractures of the costal cartilage are rare and are invisible on plain film. We describe a case in which computed tomography aided in the visualisation of a displaced cartilaginous fracture. To our knowledge, computed tomography-assisted diagnosis of a displaced costal f...

Gallbladder torsion is a rare entity. Recently, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become accepted as a standard operation for gallbladder torsion. Unfortunately, kyphoscoliosis is a risk factor of gallbladder torsion, and kyphoscoliosis results in a low-lying costal arch and disturbs the laparoscopic view. The present paper reports a new surgical procedure, a "rib-lifting method" for retracting ...

Examination There was anaemia, and widespread telangiectases were particularly evident on the lips. Calcific nodules were prominent over the fingers and extended into the forearms. There were numerous spider naevi. There was no jaundice and no hepatic foetor. The spleen was palpable 4 cm. below the left costal margin and the liver edge extended to 8 cm. below the right costal margin. The blood ...

The extent to which the liver and spleen project below the costal margin in infants and children does not seem to be generally known. This study was undertaken to define the normal range of palpable projection of the liver edge below the costal margin in different age groups and so help to resolve some of the conflicting views on the subject. The number of subjects in whom the spleen was palpab...

The effect of mechanical ventilation on the diaphragm motor cortex remains unknown. We assessed the effect of mechanical ventilation on diaphragm motor cortex excitability by measuring the costal and crural diaphragm motor-evoked potential (MEP) elicited by single and paired transcranial magnetic stimulation. In six healthy subjects, MEP recruitment curves of the costal and crural diaphragms we...

Postcranial remains of Boreogomphodon from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina are described and compared to those of other known traversodontid cynodonts. The postcranial skeleton of Boreogomphodon is characterized by four sacral ribs, simple ribs lacking costal plates, the extension of the scapular neck below the acromion process, a short scapular facet on the procoracoid, a concave anterior...