In the open access restructured power system market, it is necessary to develop an appropriate pricing scheme that can provide the useful economic information to market participants, such as generation, transmission companies and customers. Though many methods have already been proposed, but accurately estimating and allocating the transmission cost in the transmission pricing scheme is still a...

Launch and recovery helicopter wind envelope for a ship type was determined as the first step to the helicopter qualification program. Flight deck velocities data were obtained by means of a two components laser Doppler anemometer testing a 1/50 model in the wind tunnel stream. Full-scale flight deck measurements were obtained on board the ship using a sonic anemometer. Wind tunnel and full-sca...

In order to study the filter effect of the background winds on the propagation of gravity waves, a threedimensional transfer function model is developed on the basis of the complex dispersion relation of internal gravity waves in a stratified dissipative atmosphere with background winds. Our model has successfully represented the main results of the ray tracing method, e.g. the trend of the gra...

We attempt to compute the dynamic wind loads on tall buildings in close proximity with large-eddy simulation. Computation is attempted on two building geometries on which strong interference effects have been reported in previous wind tunnel studies. The computation uses a commercial code and a simple model of turbulence characteristics of the incident wind flow. The computed along-wind and acr...

Wind-shield walls decrease the velocity of wind-drift sand flow in transit. This results in sand accumulating in the wind-shadow zone of both windshield wall and track line, causing severe sand sediment hazard. This study reveals the characteristics of sand accumulation and the laws of wind-blown sand removal in the wind-shadow areas of three different types of windshield walls, utilizing three...

The role of seed dispersal in maintaining genetic connectivity among forest fragments has largely been ignored because gene flow by pollen is expected to predominate. By using genealogical reconstruction, we investigated gene flow after establishment of seeds in a wind-pollinated, wind-dispersed tree. Our data show that seed dispersal is the main vector of gene flow among remnants and that long...

The paper presents both a numerical and an experimental approach to study the air flow characteristics of a novel small wind turbine and to predict its performance. The turbine model was generated based on impulse turbine principles in order to be employed in an omni-flow wind energy system in urban areas. The results have shown that the maximum flow velocity behind the stator can be increased ...

A&G • February 2013 • Vol. 54 1.25 The continuous flow of matter that escapes out of the solar gravitational well is known as the solar wind. As the material flows out of the Sun, it is accelerated to between 400 and 800 km s. Through this continuous flow of material, the Sun loses more than one million tonnes every second. But this is just a tiny fraction, corresponding to 2 × 10 of a solar ma...