testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...

Peripheral blood smear study is very useful tool in early diagnosis of some infection and inflammatory diseases. In present article morphological changes of blood cells will be discussed in general infection and in viral infection such as HIV, H1N1 influenza and parvovirus B19. Physiologic and emergency granulopoesis will also be discussed.