Since 1991, war crimes in the former Yugoslavia have been the subject of several international medico-legal investigations of mass graves within the framework of inquiries led by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Forensic pathologists involved in the ICTY missions could be subjected to ethical tensions due to the difficulties of the missions, the emergent con...

An Optimistic Fair Exchange (OFE) protocol is a good way for two parties to exchange their digital items in a fair way such that at the end of the protocol execution, both of them receive their items or none of them receive anything. In an OFE protocol there is a semi-trusted third party, named arbitrator, which involves in the protocol if it is necessary. But there is a security problem when a...

It is not fair to ask of others what you are willing do yourself.(Eleanor Roosevelt). Park. As a runner, Miguel benefits from the expansive neighborhood watch that keeps his local park safe for nighttime jogs. Yet, neighbors complain, he never takes turn on patrol. Something seems troubling about Miguel's behavior. Yet it hard say doing wrong. He did anyone act benefit. agreed any park-walking ...

Both the European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) Charter Union (CFR) include right to a fair trial by an independent impartial tribunal established law. The exact meaning phrase ‘an law’ has developed in case In this article, I analyse how Court Justice have these brief statements into more detailed criteria. approach is historical, that is, law develo...

The article examines how the modern position of peace arbitrator, idea which was borrowed from ‘court arbitration’ functioning in Western world, emerged and used governance structure Russian Empire. It reveals role arbitrator administration transformation post-serfdom village governorates Vilnius, Kaunas, Hrodna. following stages activities arbitrators are distinguished: (1) 1861–1862, when loc...