Data mining holds the promise of extracting unsuspected information from very large databases. Methods have been developed to build association rules from large data sets. Association rules indicate the strength of association of two or more data attributes. In many ways, the interest in association rules is that they offer the promise (or illusion) of causal, or at least, predictive relationsh...

Transportation planning in general, and planning for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) in particular, are notable for multiple goals and for multiple constituencies. A review of the current literature offers several ITS investment evaluation methods that provide frameworks for the quantification of risks and benefits. Nevertheless, the traditional selection methods overemphasize quantit...

Detecting outliers is an important task for many applications including fraud detection or consistency validation in real world data. Particularly in the presence of uncertain data or imprecise data, similar objects regularly deviate in their attribute values. The notion of outliers has thus to be defined carefully. When considering outlier detection as a task which is complementary to clusteri...

Optimization of water distribution networks can effectively reduce their annual cost, which includes the average investment for each year operational costs and depreciation costs. However, existing optimization models rarely directly consider basic flow node in case accidents, such as pipe bursts. Therefore, it is necessary to check requirements under accident conditions. In order deal with the...

The restructuring of power systems and the ever-increasing demand for electricity have given rise to congestion in networks. use distributed generators (DGs) may play a significant role tackling such issues. DGs be integrated with electrical networks regulate drift transmission lines, thereby increasing transfer capabilities lines improving overall performance In this article, an effective meth...

Lossless text data compression is an important field as it significantly reduces storage requirement and communication cost. In this work, the focus is directed mainly to different file compression coding techniques and comparisons between them. Some memory efficient encoding schemes are analyzed and implemented in this work. They are: Shannon Fano Coding, Huffman Coding, Repeated Huffman Codin...