This paper is written in three main sections. In the first and third, W. W. is responsible both for the ideas and the form. The middle section, namely “2), Communication Problems of Level A” is an interpretation of mathematical papers by Dr. Claude E. Shannon of the Bell Telephone Laboratories. Dr. Shannon’s work roots back, as von Neumann has pointed out, to Boltzmann’s observation, in some of...

Abstract The focus of this study is to understand the physical phenomenon liquid-based electroactive polymer (EAP) actuator known as Hydraulically Amplified Self-Healing Electrostatic (HASEL) actuator. Specifically, provides data in several areas, including deformation film material, dynamics dielectric liquid, and electrical conditions within body. A two-dimensional model was developed finite ...

Spontaneous decay of a single photon is notoriously inefficient process in nature irrespective the frequency range. We report that quantum phase-slip fluctuation high-impedance superconducting waveguides can split incident microwave into large number lower-energy photons with near unit probability. The underlying inelastic photon-photon interaction has no analogs non-linear optics. Instead, mea...

Various recently developed connections between supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories in four dimensions and two dimensional integrable systems serve as crucial ingredients in improving our understanding of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this review, we highlight some connections between superconformal four dimensional Yang-Mills theory and various integrable systems. In particular, we focus on the...

We investigated the anatomical and functional organization of the human substantia nigra (SN) using diffusion and functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project. We identified a tripartite connectivity-based parcellation of SN with a limbic, cognitive, motor arrangement. The medial SN connects with limbic striatal and cortical regions and encodes value (greater response to monetary wins ...

We present a method for assessing an atomic force microscope’s (AFM’s) ability to reject externally applied vibrations. This method is demonstrated on one commercial and two prototype AFMs. For optimally functioning AFMs, we find that the response to externally applied vibrations obeys a 1/ω2 frequency dependence. This 1/ω2 frequency dependence can be understood by modelling the mechanical syst...

This article gives an overview of recent developments in the search for the next-generation dielectric for the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor gate stack. After introducing the main quantities of interest, the paper concentrates on a figure of merit that connects two main properties of the gate stack, namely, the leakage current and the capacitance. This is done for single layers as wel...

This document details the changes to GSMP necessary for the support of optical (non-transparent and all optical), SONET/SDH, and spatial switching of IP packets, Layer 2 (L2) frames and TDM data. When implemented, GSMP controllers will then be able to control: photonic cross-connects (optical-optical), transparent optical cross connects (optical-electrical-optical, frame independent), opaque cr...