The amount of ethanol consumed in alcoholic beverages is often used as one indicator of alcohol's impact on health and society. An objective method of measuring the amount consumed in liquor can be derived in most years from the federal excise taxes and revenues that are levied on liquor according to proof or ethanol content. Similar measurement is not possible for wine and beer. Ethanol consum...

Crude glycerol, a biodiesel industry byproduct, and corn steep liquor (CSL) derived from starch industry, were used as carbon nitrogen sources, respectively, for lipid production, using the heterotrophic microalga C. cohnii grown in bench bioreactor, batch culture. The maximum biomass concentration, content productivity attained 5.34 g/L, 24.6% (w/w Dry Cell Weight-DCW) 0.016 g L−1 h−1, respect...

In this study, the determination of the efficiency of a pilot-scale fermentation process using corn steep liquor as a nitrogen source was attempted in order to produce lactic acid via batch culturing of Lactobacillus sp. RKY2. Using pure glucose, fermentation efficiency characteristics, such as final lactic acid, cell growth, yield, and productivity were not substantially influenced by the scal...

Corn steep liquor (CSL), a byproduct of the corn wet-milling process, was used in an immobilized cell continuous biofilm reactor to replace the expensive P2 medium ingredients. The use of CSL resulted in the production of 6.29 g/L of total acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as compared with 6.86 g/L in a control experiment. These studies were performed at a dilution rate of 0.32 h-1. The productivit...

gasification (BBLG). One particularly harsh application is linings for gasifiers used in the treatment of black liquor (BL). Black liquor is a water solution of the non-cellulose portion of the wood (mainly lignin) and the spent pulping chemicals (Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Na2S). Development of new refractory materials for the black liquor gasification (BLG) application is a critical issue for imp...

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth yield bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF CF applied with same amount total nitrogen cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, rate slower than CF. twice (OF2), significantly inhibited...

Streptomyces misionensis strain PESB-25 was screened and selected for its ability to secrete cellulases. Cells were grown in a liquid medium containing sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as carbon source and corn steep liquor (CSL) as nitrogen source, whose concentrations were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A peak of endoglucanase accumulation (1.01 U · mL(-1)) was observed in a mediu...

To identify Kraft liquor effects on spermatogenesis and sperm motility of Caspian kutums by using in vitro culture, the fish testis was incubated with 5, 10 and 15 % (V/V) of liquor for 3 and 6 days. The percentage of motile spermatozoa and its total duration were also measured. Adverse effects on testicular cells were more apparent with the increase of liquor concentrations. The mean size of s...