The space defined by the pair surface temperature (T ) and surface albedo (α), and the space defined by the pair T and fractional green vegetation cover (fvg) have been extensively used to estimate evaporative fraction (EF) from solar/thermal remote sensing data. In both space-based approaches, evapotranspiration (ET) is estimated as remotely sensed EF times the available energy. For a given da...

Three main requirements influence the control of the temperatures of operating suites: (1) avoid humidities which contribute to the risks of anaesthetic explosions; (2) promote the comfort and working efficiency of the staff; and (3) conserve the patient's resources. In the United States, an air temperature of 70 to 75°F. (21 to 240C.) with 50 to 60% relative humidity provides a compromise betw...

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) plays an irreplaceable role in regional dry/wet 15 conditions under the background of climate change. Based on the FAO Penman-Monteith method 16 and daily climate variables, ET0 was calculated for 22 stations in and around Songnen Grassland, 17 northeast China, during 1960-2014. The temporal and spatial variations of ET0 and precipitation (P) 18 were comprehen...

Recent development of liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables the study of specimens in wet ambient conditions within a liquid cell; however, direct structural observation of biological samples in their native solution using TEM is challenging since low-mass biomaterials embedded in a thick liquid layer of the host cell demonstrate low contrast. Furthermore, the integrity of...

Plant clonality, the ability of a plant species to reproduce itself vegetatively through ramets (shoot-root units), occurs in many plant species and is considered to be more frequent in cold or wet environments. However, a deeper understanding on the clonality-climate relationships along large geographic gradients is still scarce. In this study we revealed the clonality-climate relationships al...

We study the substrate inhomogeneity effect on the wetting of a spin-1/2 Ising ferromagnetic film in an external magnetic field H, using Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the inhomogeneity leads to the formation of clusters of positive and negative spins in each layer. However, depending on the values of H, for a fixed surface magnetic field Hs, each layer exhibits three different phase...

MO XF, FAN DB, QIN TF & CHU FX. 2015. Curing characteristics and adhesion performance of phenol–formaldehyde resins with composite additives. The curing characteristics of cure-accelerated phenol–formaldehyde resins with composite additives were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and gelation test. The pot lives and adhesion performances of phenol–formaldehyde resins wer...

A visual-visual dual computer task was designed to test the effect of the thermal environment on dual task performance. The temperatures selected for testing were 20 and 35 degrees C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). 34 volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 temperature conditions. Individual differences in single task performance were controlled by equating the baselines of single ta...

We study the substrate inhomogeneity effect on the wetting of a spin-1/2 Ising ferromagnetic film in an external magnetic field H, using Monte Carlo simulations. It is found the inhomogeneity leads to the formation of islands of positive spins in each layer. However, depending on the values of H, for a fixed surface magnetic field Hs, each layer exhibits three different phases; totally wet (TW)...