T cells ectopically expressing costimulators are pathogenic and contribute to autoimmunity against self-antigens. Given that tumor antigens are often self-antigen or mutated self-antigens, we hypothesize that neoexpressing a costimulator on tumor-reactive T cells may likewise enhance their reactivity to tumor. To test this hypothesis, we have expressed B7-1 on OT-1 CD8+ T-cell receptor transgen...

Plywood is used for insulation systems in liquid natural gas cargo ships because of its good thermal properties. However, there are only a few research investigating the mechanical properties plywood exposed to ultra-low temperatures. This study aims determine how reacts when temperatures, such as - 196 °C. To achieve this purpose, present investigated bending strength, modulus elasticity, and...

This part describes the results obtained in the simulations and experiments reported in the previous sessions of this report. A) Statistical comparison of the principal component analysis in various spaces The cumulative contributions of the eigenvectors in each space are summarized for multiple-of-three numbers of eigenvectors in Tables I to III. Table I. Cumulative contribution of the eigenve...

Road mortality is thought to be a leading cause of turtle population decline. However, empirical evidence of the direct negative effects of road mortality on turtle population abundance is lacking. The purpose of this study was to provide a strong test of the prediction that roads reduce turtle population abundance. While controlling for potentially confounding variables, we compared relative a...

BACKGROUND Paint laden with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) often acts as a point source for environmental contamination. It is advantageous to address contaminated paint before the PCBs transport to surrounding media; however, current disposal methods of painted material introduce a variety of complications. Previous work demonstrates that PCBs can be broken down at ambient temperatures and p...