BACKGROUND Genotyping error can increase both type I and II errors. In order to elucidate potential genotyping errors, data quality control often includes testing genotype data for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). METHODS The Hardy-Weinberg Disequilibrium (HWD) coefficient and the ability to reject the null hypothesis of HWE were calculated analytically for genotype data from...

Statistical tests that detect and measure deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) have been devised but are limited when testing for deviation at multiallelic DNA loci is attempted. Here we present the full Bayesian significance test (FBST) for the HWE. This test depends neither on asymptotic results nor on the number of possible alleles for the particular locus being evaluated. The...

A method of complexity control in multinomial mixture modeling of multiple-marker genotype data, imposing the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) between the genotype values, is studied. This is a very natural restriction, and known to hold at population level under modest assumptions. The hypothesis under study is that imposing this restriction will prevent overfitting and lead to a better model....

Neotrypaea japonica (Ortmann 1891) is a burrowing shrimp that lives in tidal flats. In this study, 123 SNP markers were isolated and characterized from N. japonica. The frequency range of minor alleles varied 0.2500 to 0.4833, the observed heterozygosity ranged 0.4333 0.9000, expected 0.4944 0.6503. polymorphic parameter inbreeding value 0.3680 0.5651 ? 0.2768 0.1045, respectively. Significant ...

In 2017 I had the honor of meeting Steven Weinberg—whose obituary appears in October 2021 issue Physics Today (page 72)—at University Texas at Austin. past used some his writings from Scientific American and books for my students Wagner College, where taught honors lecture astronomy. often corresponded with 1994 to 2018 about concepts astrophysics, he answered many questions that submitted me.I...

The relevance of the Tremaine-Weinberg (TW) method is tested to measure the bar, spiral and inner structure pattern speeds using a gaseous velocity field. The TW method is applied to