Magnetic manipulation is a promising technique for lab-on-a-chip platforms. The magnetic approach can avoid problems associated with heat, surface charge, ionic concentration and pH level. The present paper investigates the migration of diamagnetic particles in a ferrofluid core stream that is sandwiched between two diamagnetic streams in a uniform magnetic field. The three-layer flow is expand...

We study the effect of magnetic field on the dominant neutrino emission processes in neutron stars.The processes are first calculated for the case when the magnetic field does not exceed the critical value to confine electrons to the lowest Landau state.We then consider the more important case of intense magnetic field to evaluate the direct URCA and the neutronisation processes. In order to es...

An estimate of the fraction of magnetic flux in intrinsically weak-field form, i.e. fields with less than 1 kG intrinsic strength, in the quiet Sun is presented. We find that on average approximately 2/3 of the flux is in weak-field form, although our data allow a range of values between 25% and 85%. These estimates have been derived with the help of radiative transfer model calculations from l...

Abstract In both quantum and classical field systems, conservation laws such as the of energy momentum are widely regarded fundamental properties. A broadly accepted approach to deriving is built using Noether’s method. However, this procedure still unclear for relativistic particle-field systems where particles world lines. present study, we establish a general manifestly covariant or geometri...

The main objectives of this article are 1) to derive a field theory of weak interactions, 2) to study the duality of weak interactions, and 3) to derive the long overdue weak potential and force formula. The new field equations for weak interactions is derived by applying the principle of interaction dynamics (PID) and the principle of representation invariance (PRI) to a standard SU(2) gauge a...