We study a model of economic growth and development with a threshold externality. The model has one steady state with a low and stagnant level of income per capita and another steady state with a high and growing level ofincome per capita. Both of these steady states are locally stable under the perfect foresight assumption. We introduce learning into this environment. Learning acts as an equil...

Background: In the United States, social burdens including war casualties are often distributed unequally across groups of individuals, communities, and states. The purpose of this report was to examine the association between war deaths and per capita income in the 50 states and District of Columbia during the Vietnam and Iraq wars. Methods: The numbers of deaths by the home state of record fo...

The performance of the Latin American economies in the 20th century has been disappointing. Using per capita GDP as a measure, Latin America has roughly maintained its income (relative to the world) over the last 100 years. If, instead the post-1950 performance is considered, the results are more discouraging. Using data from Maddison (2003), it follows that the Latin American economies had a l...

The relationship between per capita income and a number of pollution indicators has been found to display an inverted U-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given income levels (direct effect) and by reducing per capita income (indirect effect). The total effect is ambiguous a priori. Using cross section data f...

We analyze some characteristics of the higher education system in Argentina regarding equity and efficiency. Individuals attending the university belong to the top deciles of the income distribution and to relatively highly educated families. Almost 90% of the students in tuition-free public universities have higher than median per capita family income and almost 50% attended tuition-financed p...

Aubhik Khan* It is difficult to overemphasize the potential benefits of economic growth for improving human welfare. For example, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, three of the world’s lowest income nations, had real per capita GDP of $1908, $1633, and $1793, respectively, in 1992. In contrast, the equivalent values for three of the world’s highest income nations, Denmark, Sweden, and the United...

The assumptions of declining fertility with rising income and rising per-capita output with rising population imply the existence of a stable demographic equilibrium with a high standard of living and relatively low total population. This Smithian equilibrium differs from the well-known Malthusian equilibrium in its comparative statics: technical progress lowers the Smithian equilibrium populat...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper is to investigate the relation between state and local government expenditures on public services and all cause mortality in 48 US states in 1987, and determine if the relation between income inequality and mortality is conditioned on levels of public services available in these jurisdictions. METHODS Per capita public expenditures and a needs adjusted...