Item nonresponse is usually treated by some form of deterministic or random imputation. We focus on deterministic imputation; in particular, ratio and nearest neighbour imputations commonly used in establishment surveys. Frequentist inference from imputed data is based on a repeated sampling framework and assumed response mechanism. On the other hand, use of imputation models requires only that...

National data show a continuing decline in the willingness of people to respond to surveys. This trend is troubling given the central role that survey research plays in collecting data for institutional research purposes. This paper examines the effectiveness of a weighting procedure described by Astin and Molm for adjusting survey results to correct for nonresponse bias. Using data from a Coop...

Abstract Background The continuum of resistance model’s premise is that delayed respondents to a survey are more similar non-respondents than early are. For decades, researchers have applied this model in attempts evaluate and adjust for non-response bias. Despite recent resurgence the popularity, its value has only been assessed one large online population health survey. Methods Respondents No...

One way of handling survey nonresponse is to impute data for each nonrespondent. When estimating sampling variances, however, treating the imputed data as a complete set frequently leads to underestimates of the true sampling variance. Techniques have been recently developed to yield valid variance estimates in the presence of imputed data for some estimators and sample designs. Economic survey...

Singer, Van Hoewyk, and Maher (2000) found that a $5 prepaid incentive markedly increased response rates during the period 1996 to 1998 on the University of Michigan’s monthly RDD Survey of Consumer Attitudes (SCA). Although this led the study to adopt that incentive, SCA’s response rate has declined sharply since then. We examine (a) whether the effect on response rates of the $5 prepaid incen...

In this paper we consider a specific post-treatment complication that may arise in both randomized and observational studies, namely the problem of nonignorable nonresponse on an outcome variable. This is a typical topic usually known in the econometric literature as endogenous selection; here we tackle this problem specifically within a causal inference framework. By exploiting Principal Strat...

Often the probability of responding depends directly on the outcome value. This case can be treated by postulating a parametric model for the distribution of the outcomes before nonresponse and a model for the response mechanism. The two models define a parametric model for the joint distribution of the outcomes and response indicators, and therefore the parameters of these models can be estima...

Abstract Propensity score weighting adjustment is commonly used to handle unit nonresponse. When the response mechanism is nonignorable in the sense that the response probability depends directly on the study variable, a followup sample is commonly used to obtain an unbiased estimator using the framework of two-phase sampling, where the follow-up sample is assumed to respond completely. In prac...

SUMMARY Balanced repeated replication (BRR) is commonly used to estimate the variances of nonlinear estimators from stratiied multistage sampling designs. The BRR method has wider application than the jackknife because of its ability to handle smooth estimators as well as nonsmooth estimators such as the sample median. However, the BRR can run into problems in estimating a ratio of small domain...