We analyze the predictions of a reaction advection di usion model to pinpoint the nec essary conditions for bloom development of sinking phytoplankton species in strati ed waters This reveals that there are two parameter windows that can sustain sinking phytoplankton a turbulence window and a thermocline depth window The two win dows are delimited by four critical parameters a minimal and maxim...

[1] The moisture transport integrated over the depth of the atmosphere (0) is estimated over oceans using satellite data. The transport is the product of the precipitable water and an equivalent velocity (ue), which, by definition, is the depth-averaged wind velocity weighted by humidity. An artificial neural network is employed to construct a relation between the surface wind velocity measured...

soil detachment is known as an important process in soil erosion and its quantification is necessary to establish a basic understanding of erosion. this study was carried out to find the best flow erosivity indicator(s) for predicting detachment rate at low slopes. for this purpose, 12 experiments including 6 flow discharges (75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 ml/s) and 2 slope gradients (1.5 and 2...

We analyze the predictions of a reaction advection di usion model to pinpoint the nec essary conditions for bloom development of sinking phytoplankton species in strati ed waters This reveals that there are two parameter windows that can sustain sinking phytoplankton a turbulence window and a thermocline depth window The two win dows are delimited by four critical parameters a minimal and maxim...

Previous research has indicated that observers use differences between velocities and ratios of velocities to judge the depth within a moving object, although depth cannot in general be determined from these quantities. In four experiments we examined the relative effects of velocity difference and velocity ratio on judged depth within a transparent object that was rotating about a vertical axi...

The hydrologic regimes and ecology of many rivers have been altered through human action. Understanding the natural processes and the extent of alteration is a crucial component of management and restoration of these systems. River and floodplain systems are often highly dynamic, requiring data sets that cover a large spatial extent to fully assess ecological structure and function. However, in...

As seismic reflection data become more prevalent as input for quantitative environmental and engineering studies, there is a growing need to assess and improve the accuracy of reflection processing methodologies. It is common for compressional-wave velocities to increase by a factor of four or more where shallow, unconsolidated sediments change from a dry or partially watersaturated regime to f...